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Response of runoff to climate change in the area of runoff yield in upstream Shiyang River Basin, Northwest China: A case study of the Xiying River
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Abstract: The objective of this study was to analyze the response of runoff in the area of runoff yield of the upstream Shiyang River basin to climate change and to promote sustainable development of regional water resources and ecological environment. As the biggest tributary of the Shiyang River, Xiying River is the only hydrological station (Jiutiaoling) that has provincial natural river and can achieve long time series monitoring data in the basin. The data obtained from this station is representative of natural conditions because it has little human activites. This study built a regression model through identifying the characteristics of runoff and climate change by using Mann-Kendall nonparametric statistical test, cumulative anomaly, and correlation analysis. The results show that the average annual runoff is 320.6 million m3/a with the coefficient of variation of 0.18 and shows slightly decrease during 1956–2020. It has a significant positive correlation the average annual precipitation (P<0.01). Runoff is sensitive to climate change, and the climate has becoming warm and wet and annual runoff has entering wet period from 2003. Compared to the earlier period (1955–2000), the increases of average annual temperature, precipitation and runoff in recent two decades were 15%, 9.3%, and 7.8%, respectively. Runoff in the Shiyang River is affected by temperature and precipitation among climate factors, and the simulation results of the runoff-climate response model (R = 0.0052P − 0.1589T + 2.373) indicate that higher temperature leads to a weakening of the ecological regulation of surface runoff in the flow-producing area.
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Key words:
- Runoff /
- Heating and wetting /
- Mann-Kendall test /
- Regression model /
- Ecological function
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Figure 2. (a) Runoff variation in the Xiying River runoff yield area; (b) Cumulative anomaly; (c) M-k characteristics curve (1956–2020)
Figure 4. Xiying River runoff yield area: (a) Temperature change process; (b) cumulative anomaly; (c) M-k characteristics (1956–2020) curve
Figure 5. Xiying River runoff yield area: (a) Precipitation change process; (b) Cumulative anomaly; (c) M-k characteristics (1956–2020) curve
Table 1. Correlation between runoff and meteorological elements in Jiutiaoling (Pearson)
Feature item Correlation coefficient Sample size R-P 0.552** 65 R-T −0.1144 T-P 0.0429 Note: R-unoff, P-Precipitation, T-Temperature;** means significance at 0.05level；* means significance at 0.01 level. 
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Table 2. Annual runoff R variation (%) under different climate (temperature T, precipitation P)
T(℃) P(mm) R(%) 100 50 −50 −100 2 1.94 −5.73 −21.06 −28.73 1.5 15.02 −3.39 −18.72 −26.39 1 17.37 −1.04 −16.38 −24.05 0.5 19.71 1.30 −14.03 −21.70 −0.5 24.40 5.99 −9.35 −17.02 −1.0 26.74 8.33 −7.01 −14.67 −1.5 29.08 10.67 −4.66 −12.33 −2.0 31.43 13.01 −2.32 −9.99
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