Ma Feng; Wang Gui-ling; Sun Hong-li; Sun Zhan-xue

doi:10.19637/j.cnki.2305-7068.2022.01.007

doi: 10.19637/j.cnki.2305-7068.2022.01.007

^{1, 2},
^{1, 2, ,},
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-27
- 录用日期: 2022-01-26
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-24
- 刊出日期: 2022-03-15

Indication of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes on the characteristics and circulation patterns of medium-low temperature geothermal resources in the Guanzhong Basin, China

Feng Ma^{1, 2},
Gui-ling Wang^{1, 2
, ,},
Hong-li Sun¹,
Zhan-xue Sun³

1.
The Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
2.
Technology Innovation Center for Geothermal & Hot Dry Rock Exploration and Development, Minstry of Natural Resources, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
3.
School of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330000, China

More Information

Corresponding author: wangguiling@mail.cgs.gov.cn

摘要

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Abstract: Guanzhong Basin is a typical medium-low temperature geothermal field mainly controlled by geo-pressure in the west of China. The characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes were used to analyze the flow and storage modes of geothermal resources in the basin. In this paper, the basin was divided into six geotectonic units, where a total of 121 samples were collected from geothermal wells and surface water bodies for the analysis of hydrogen-oxygen isotopes. Analytical results show that the isotopic signatures of hydrogen and oxygen throughout Guanzhong Basin reveal a trend of gradual increase from the basin edge areas to the basin center. In terms of recharge systems, the area in the south edge belongs to the geothermal system of Qinling Mountain piedmont, while to the north of Weihe fault is the geothermal system of North mountain piedmont, where the atmospheric temperature is about 0.2℃-1.8℃ in the recharge areas. The main factors that affect the geothermal water δ¹⁸O drifting include the depth of geothermal reservoir and temperature of geothermal reservoir, lithological characteristics, water-rock interaction, geothermal reservoir environment and residence time. The δ¹⁸O-δD relation shows that the main source is the meteoric water, together with some sedimentary water, but there are no deep magmatic water and mantle water which recharge the geothermal water in the basin. Through examining the distribution pattern of hydrogen-oxygen isotopic signatures, the groundwater circulation model of this basin can be divided into open circulation type, semi-open type, closed type and sedimentary type. This provides some important information for rational exploitation of the geothermal resources.
- Guanzhong Basin /
- Hydrogen-oxygen isotopes /
- Storage characteristics /
- Circulation model

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Figure 1. Main fracture distributions and tectonic zoning of the Guanzhong Basin

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Figure 2. Distribution of sampling points of hydrogen-oxygen stable isotopes in study area

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Figure 3. The isoline map of δD value of geothermal water in Guanzhong Basin

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Figure 4. The isoline map of δ¹⁸O value of geothermal water in Guanzhong Basin

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Figure 5. δ²H versus δ¹⁸O plot of geothermal water in Guanzhong Basin

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Figure 6. Plots of δ¹⁸O value versus depth (a) and temperature(b) of geothermal water in Guanzhong Basin

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Figure 7. Diagrams of δ¹⁸O value versus TDS, Sr, HCO₃^-, SO₄^2-, SiO₂ and Br of geothermal water in Guanzhong Basin

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Figure 8. Relation between δ¹⁸O value of geothermal water in Guanzhong Basin and δ¹³C and ¹⁴C

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Figure 9. Underground d-excess parameter (d) characteristic lines of Guanzhong Basin

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Figure 10. Underground d-excess parameter (d) isoline of Guanzhong Basin

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Figure 11. Hydrogen-oxygen isotope relation of geothermal water of different genetic types

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Figure 12. Triangular chart of geothermal water in Guanzhong Basin

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Figure 13. Classification of geothermal water storage environments in Guanzhong Basin

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Figure 14. Four types of geothermal water storage environments in Guanzhong Basin

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Table 1. The result of hydrogen-oxygen stable isotopes in study area

Sample NO.	Depth	Temperature	pH	δD/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰	Sample NO.	Depth	Temperature	pH	δD/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰
Surface water						q014	1 672.08	66	8.57	–79.42	–11.25
R001	-	17.5	7.63	–61.24	–8.87	q031	2 850	88	8.22	–84.63	–9.17
R005	-	17.5	7.38	–57.1	–8.28	q035	496.8	68.3	8.76	–84.93	–12.52
R007	-	17.5	7.83	–66.92	–9.14	q036	573	49.6	8.66	–82.57	–11.43
R008	-	17.5	7.53	–68.4	–9.28	q037	1 360	57	8.32	–80.02	–11.18
R009	-	17.5	7.47	–65.1	–9.05	q039	1 500	54	8.86	–84.01	–11.4
Outside basin						q043	2 402	23.5	8.35	–87.71	–4.73
q008	580	45	8.23	–86.51	–12.9	q045	2 700	96	8.32	–83.28	–5.12
q041	250.27	58.2	8.02	–73.51	–10.61	q046	3 000	91	8.36	–78.1	–8.72
q042	530	43	8.31	–78.92	–11.38	q048	1 750	69	8.15	–82.36	–7.27
q056	648.08	33.7	8.34	–78.44	–11.51	q057	2 685.3	80	7.9	–79.57	–9.44
Baoji bulging（BJ）						q058	2 905.3	86	7.88	–81.62	–9.84
q006		28.9	7.55	–71.46	–10.62	q060	1 450	55	7.94	–83.89	–11.46
q009	1 462	46	8.39	–82.24	–11.9	q075	1 650	85	8.88	–85.02	–11.92
q015	2 470	53	7.85	–85.23	–11.47	q077	2 000.2	65	8.26	–84.48	–9.34
q028	1 602.6	51.2	8.56	–85.54	–11.65	q078	2 731.86	80	8.11	–84.74	–6.85
q029	350.5	72	8.39	–86.34	–12.06	q079	3 479.35	112	8.39	–85.29	–3.48
q033	450.5	64	8.87	–86.2	–12.65	q083	3 000	93	8.58	–85.64	–5.89
q034	282	68	8.77	–88.06	–12.82	q084	3 015.9	98	8.68	–83.19	–8.05
q071	-	29	8.27	–81.88	–11.85	q090	1 601.9	65	7.77	–84.38	–7.22
S001	1 450	29	8.32	–70.4	–8.1	q091	1 958	69.5	8.41	–77.24	–8.81
S002	1 114.35	39.2	8.27	–76.8	–11.5	q092	3 558	94	7.65	–84.07	–2.3
S003	400.18	41.5	8.16	–81.8	–11.1	q094	3 355	102	7.81	–87.3	–3.48
S004	400	41.5	8.32	–72.3	–10.6	q095	2 658	92	8.3	–81.41	–8.56
S005	Spring	30	8.36	–69	–9.6	q096	2 003.17	52	8.64	–83.5	–11.44
S015	1253	47	8.25	–70.8	–9.2	q097	2 211.8	81	8.15	–84.45	–10.22
Xianli fault-step（XL）						q098	2 651.7	99	8.46	–85.17	–3.65
q030	3 050	90	7.98	–82.6	–8.08	q099	2 500		8.47	–83.5	–9.18
q080	2 700	70	7.83	–85	–7.8	S014	1 450	40	8.23	–76.6	–11.611
q086	2 800	90	8.28	–85.95	–10.41	Pucheng bulging（PC）
q087	2 105.8	65	7.96	–85.07	–10.3	q016	169	29.5	8.2	–74.92	–9.79
q088	1 901.68	53	7.65	–76.45	–10.24	q017	160	27.5	8.17	–73.22	–9.72
q093	2 975	90	7.71	–83.9	–2.85	q018	150	27.8	8.08	–73.16	–9.77
S008	2 787	71	8.03	–68.1	–6.7	q019	210	28.6	8.16	–72.66	–10
S020	1 751	72	8.14	–71.6	–6	q020	300	41	7.79	–75.6	–10.25
S022	2 471	90	7.95	–66.3	–3.8	q021	520	27	8.1	–74.16	–10.01
S023	3 553	94	7.89	–70.6	–4.5	q022	2 000	63	8.23	–87.78	–9.87
S024	2 000	74	8.31	–69.3	–4.4	q023	651.8	25.5	8.33	–69.47	–9.37
S025	2 818	89	8.03	–66	–3.7	q024	270	26	8.32	–69.12	–9.72
S028	3 500.3	120	7.96	–71	–5.3	q025	430	28	7.68	–73.06	–10.14
S029	2 905.3	86	7.88	–71.5	–9.34	q026	2 452	75	8.16	–83.59	–7.98
S030	2 013	80	8.15	–70.8	–9.07	q049	651.5	28	8.22	–74.11	–10.23
Linlan bulging（LL）						q050	1 050	33	8.13	–77.17	–11.26
q027	2 625.5	63	8.34	–81.22	–9.75	q051	778.3	42	8.16	–75.99	–10.86
q032	1 500	56	8.81	–85.01	–12.03	q073	2 600	105	7.3	–68.23	–3.69
q038	1 772	56	8.78	–84.58	–11.61	q085	2 857.8	96	8.64	–84.09	–9.36
q040	2 060	79	8.41	–85.85	–11.6	q089	800	35	7.74	–76.81	–10.2
q052	854.3	49	8.68	–78.74	–11.36	Gushi depression（GS）
q053	10.7	44.6	8.33	–72.36	–10.46	q001	2 470	71	8.41	–85.23	–7.23
q055	2 136.9	52	8.34	–81.48	–10.54	q002	2 403	78	7.98	–85.93	–7.32
q061	455.9	54.5	8.76	–76.4	–10.94	q003	2 341	68	8.13	–85.4	–7.67
q062	652.8	58	8.92	–82.27	–11.74	q004	2 790	80	7.31	–72.37	–7.25
q072	1 012.6	53	8.73	–83.25	–11.99	q007		22.1	8.16	–69.68	–10
q076	1 985	55	8.56	–81.65	–11.34	q044	2 870	100	8	–75.41	–3.96
q100	3 230	81	8.05	–85.14	–5.53	q059	1 669.7	61.5	8.76	–87.02	–11.92
S006	Spring	11	-	–71.3	–10.1	q069	3 258.7	63	7.94	–85.06	–7.66
S007	Spring	43	-	–69.1	–9.8	q070	3 200	101	7.5	–84.45	–2.3
S018	460	55	-	–72.9	–10.8	S009	3 008.9	100	-	–54.5	–1.7
S019	1 550	50	-	–76.2	–11	S010	2451	92	-	–56.4	–2.7
Xi’an Depression（XA）						S011	2600	105	-	–61.1	–3.21
q005	2100	35.2	8.83	–85.01	–11.68	S012	854	49.5	-	–71.9	–10.4
q010	3 258.7	92	8.63	–85.37	–8.41	S013	1 500.3	55	-	–68.9	–9.5
q011	2 096	81.5	8	–85.43	–10.99	Qinling（QL）
q012	2 436.5	52	8.6	–84.32	–10.94	S041	0	16	7.83	–71	–9.9
q013	3 005	80	8.53	–83.08	–9.4	S042	0	16	7.52	–81	–11.4

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