Rui-fang Meng; Hui-feng Yang; Xi-lin Bao; Bu-yun Xu; Hua Bai; Jin-cheng Li; Ze-xin Liang

doi:10.26599/JGSE.2023.9280012

doi: 10.26599/JGSE.2023.9280012

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-15
- 录用日期: 2022-11-20
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-20
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-30

Optimizing groundwater recharge plan in North China Plain to repair shallow groundwater depression zone, China

Rui-fang Meng^{1, 2},
Hui-feng Yang^{1, 2
, ,},
Xi-lin Bao^{1, 2},
Bu-yun Xu¹,
Hua Bai^{1, 2},
Jin-cheng Li³,
Ze-xin Liang⁴

1.
Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
2.
National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Groundwater and Ground Subsidence in the Plain Area of Cangzhou 050061, Hebei, China
3.
Shuifa Planning and Design Co., Ltd., Jinan 250100, China
4.
Hebei Hydraulic Research Institute, Shijiazhuang 050057, China

More Information

Corresponding author: yanghuifeng@mail.cgs.gov.cn

摘要

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Abstract: The North China Plain is one of the main grain producing areas in China. However, over-exploitation has long been unsustainable since the water supply is mainly from groundwater. Since 2014, the South-to-North Water Diversion Project’s central route has been charted to the integrated management of water supply and over-exploitation, which has alleviated the problem to a certain extent. Although the Ministry of Water Resources has made many efforts on groundwater recharge since 2018 most of which have been successful, the recharge has not yet been sufficiently focused on the repair of shallow groundwater depression zones. It still needs further optimization. This paper discusses this particular issue, proposes optimized recharge plan and provides the following recommendations: (1) Seven priority target areas are selected for groundwater recharge in alluvial and proluvial fans in the piedmont plain, and the storage capacity is estimated to be 181.00×10⁸ m³; (2) A recharge of 31.18×10⁸ m³/a is required by 2035 to achieve the repair target; (3) It is proposed to increase the recharge of Hutuo River, Dasha River and Tanghe River to 19.00×10⁸ m³/a and to rehabilitate Gaoliqing-Ningbailong Depression Zone; increase the recharge of Fuyang River, Zhanghe River and Anyang River to 7.05×10⁸ m³/a and rehabilitate Handan Feixiang-Guangping Depression Zone; increase the recharge of Luanhe River by 0.56×10⁸ m³/a and restore Tanghai Depression Zone and Luanan-Leting Depression Zone; moderately reduce the amount of water recharged to North Canal and Yongding River to prevent excessive rebound of groundwater; (4) Recharge through well is implemented on a pilot basis in areas of severe urban ground subsidence and coastal saltwater intrusion; (5) An early warning mechanism for groundwater quality risks in recharge areas is established to ensure the safety. The numerical groundwater flow model also proves reasonable groundwater level restoration in the depression zones by 2035.
- North China Plain /
- Groundwater recharge /
- Groundwater depression zone /
- Recharge target areas /
- Storage capacity /
- Recharge source /
- Recharge effectiveness

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Figure 1. Location Map of the North China Plain

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Figure 2. Hydrogeological profile of the North China Plain (Zhang et al. 2009)

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Figure 3. Recharge roadmap in the North China Plain

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Figure 4. Groundwater deficit in shallow groundwater depression zones of the North China Plain and restoration targets

(a) Shallow groundwater flow filed in 1984 (restoration targets); (b) shallow groundwater flow filed and deficit in 2020

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Figure 5. Distribution of priority recharge target areas in the North China Plain

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Figure 6. Predicted groundwater level recovery in the typical groundwater level depression zone (a) Gaoliqing-Ningbailong depression zone; (b) Feixiang-Guangping depression zone

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Table 1. Situation of shallow groundwater depression zones in the North China Plain in 2020

Depression zones	Size/10⁴ km²	Depth of the zone centre/m
Gaoliqing-Ningbailong depression zone	9 636.60	103.19
Xiongxian-Bazhou depression zone	1 989.14	62.82
Handan Feixiang-Guangping depression zone	2 035.54	79.75
Pingxiang-Quzhou depression zone	356.82	53.52
Langfang Sanhe depression zone	873.63	38.51
Tanghai depression zone	823.12	30.49
Luannan-Leting depression zone	149.28	14.21

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Table 2. Deficit in shallow groundwater depression zones

Depression zones	Groundwater level in 2020/m	Restoration targets/m	Deficit/10⁸ m³
Gaoliqing-Ningbailong depression zone	−55–−10	5–30	227.99
Xiongxian-Bazhou depression zone	−30–−5	1–10	19.52
Handan Feixiang-Guangping depression zone	−30–20	42–60	46.55
Pingxiang-Quzhou depression zone	−15–0	25–30	9.45
Langfang Sanhe depression zone	−10–0	4–25	7.84
Tanghai depression zone	−10–−25	0–4	4.93
Luannan-Leting depression zone	−10–−5	0–2	0.97
Total			317.25

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Table 3. Regulation space for recharge priority target areas in the North China Plain

Recharge priority target areas	Size/km²	Buried depth/m	Regulation space/10⁸ m³
Luanhe River Alluvial-proluvial fan	2 728.78	6–30	8.30
Chaobai-Jiyun River Alluvial-proluvial fan	2 107.90	8–35	13.90
Yongding River Alluvial-proluvial fan	2 543.99	15–30	16.30
Juma River Alluvial-proluvial fan	927.36	12–28	7.90
Hutuo-Dasha River Alluvial-proluvial fan	6 456.71	18–57	118.90
Fuyang River Alluvial-proluvial fan	923.51	8–41	4.80
Zhanghe River Alluvial-proluvial fan	1 025.06	12–48	10.90
Total	16 713.31		181.00

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Table 4. Optimized Plan for Groundwater Recharge in the North China Plain

Recharge target areas	Depression zone repair	Recharge source	Recharge river	Deficit /10⁸ m³	Recharge infiltration rate	Repair water requirements /10⁸ m³	Optimized plan /10⁸ m³/a	To be optimised plan— recharge volume in 2020 /10⁸ m³/a
Luanhe River alluvial-proluvial fan	Tanghai depression Zone, Luannan-Leting depression zone	Luanhe River Source, Panjikou Reservoir, Daheiting Reservoir, Taolinkou Reservoir	Luanhe River	5.90	0.70	7.38	0.56	/
Chaobai-Jiyun River alluvial-proluvial fan	Langfang Sanhe depression zone	Source of South-to-North Water Diversion Project’s Central Route, Miyun Reservoir, Huairou Reservoir	Chaobai River, North Canal	7.84	0.85	9.22	0.61	7.56
Yongding River alluvial-proluvial fan	Xiongxian-Bazhou depression zone	Source of South-to-North Water Diversion Project’s Central Route, Guanting Reservoir	Yongding River, North Juma River-Baigou River	19.52	0.495	26.56	1.77	3.46
Juma River alluvial-proluvial fan		Source of South-to-North Water Diversion Project’s Central Route, Angezhuang Reservoir	South Juma River		0.57	11.18	0.75	0.88
Hutuo-Dasha River alluvial-proluvial fan	Gaoliqing-Ningbailong depression zone	Source of South-to-North Water Diversion Project’s Central Route, Huangbizhuang Reservoir, Wangkuai Reservoir, Xidayang Reservoir	Hutuo River, Dasha River, Tanghe River	227.99	0.80	284.99	19.00	11.43
Fuyang River alluvial-proluvial fan	Pingxiang-Quzhou depression zone	Source of South-to-North Water Diversion Project’s Central Route, Zhuzhuang Reservoir	Qili River-Shunshui River	9.45	0.44	21.48	1.43	2.06
Zhanghe River alluvial-proluvial fan	Handan Feixiang-Guangping depression zone	Source of South-to-North Water Diversion Project’s Central Route, Yuecheng Reservoir, Dongwushi Reservoir	Fuyang River，Zhanghe River, Anyang River	46.55	0.44	105.80	7.05	3.19
Total				317.25	317.25	466.60	31.18

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