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Geological suitability of natural sponge body for the construction of sponge city—a case study of Shuanghe Lake district in Zhengzhou airport zone
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Abstract: Natural and geological environmental conditions have an important impact on the planning and construction of sponge cities. This paper analyzes geological factors that influence the usage of natural sponge bodies, taking the Shuanghe lake district of Zhengzhou airport zone as an example. An evaluation system with seven factors has been established and the weights of these factors are determined using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. Overlay analysis is then carried out on all factors using GIS to evaluate the geological suitability of the construction of the sponge city. The results show that geologically suitable area for city construction in Shuanghe lake district accounts for 12.3%, relatively suitable area accounts for 76.1%, and relatively unsuitable area accounts for 11.6%. For suitable and relatively suitable areas, we should make full use of the advantages of surface infiltration, vadose zone transportation and aquifer storage to build a sponge city infrastructure with geological engineering as the main component, supplemented by engineering measures such as surface water storage and drainage, and jointly establish a sustainable urban hydrological cycle. For less suitable areas, artificial rain and flood control works, such as roof garden, should be considered. The findings of this paper can serve as an important reference for sponge city planning and construction not only in the research area but also in other regions with similar geological conditions.
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Key words:
- Natural sponge bodies /
- Low impact development /
- Rain flood control /
- Hierarchy analysis
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Figure 8. Zoning map of geological influence and suitability evaluation of sponge city construction
Table 1. Hierarchical structure of evaluation factors
Target layer First-level factors Second-level factors Geological suitability research (A) Surface (B1) Surface lithology (C1) Topographic slope (C2) Vadose zone (B2) Vadose zone thickness (C3) Vadose zone lithology (C4) Aquifer (B3) Aquifer thickness (C5) Aquifer lithology (C6) Aquifer abundance (C7) 
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Table 2. Judgement matrix value assignment rule
$ {\mathit{a}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{j}} $ Description 1 i and j have the same importance 3 i is slightly more important than j 5 i is obviously more important than j 7 i is much more important than j 9 i is extremely more important than j 2, 4, 6, 8 Intermediate value of the above adjacent judgments
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Table 7. Table of evaluation factors’ weights
Evaluation index Weight Vadose zone lithology C4 0.3214 Aquifer thickness C5 0.2262 Aquifer lithology C6 0.1425 Vadose zone thickness C3 0.1071 Topographic slope C2 0.0952 Aquifer abundance C7 0.0598 Surface lithology C1 0.0476
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Table 8. Value assignment basis for evaluation factors
Evaluation factors Suitability level and value assignment basis Unsuitable Relatively unsuitable Moderately suitable Relative suitable Suitable Surface lithology C1 Clay Silty clay Silt Silty sand Fine sand Topographic slope C2 >9‰ 7‰–9‰ 4‰–7‰ 2‰–4‰ <2‰ Aquifer thickness C3 4–6 m 6–8 m 8–10 m 10–15 m >15 m Vadose zone lithology C4 Silty clay Silt+silty clay Silt Silty sand Fine sand Aquifer thickness C5 0–5 m 5–10 m 10–15 m 15–20 m >20 m Aquifer lithology C6 Sandy silt Silty sand Fine sand Aquifer abundance C7 Inferior Relatively inferior Medium Relatively good Good
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Table 9. Value assignment standard for evaluation factors
Suitability level Unsuitable Relatively unsuitable Moderately suitable Relative suitable Suitable Evaluation factor value 1 2 3 4 5
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