E-mail alert
Rss
Investigation of groundwater characteristics and its influence on Landslides in Heifangtai Plateau using comprehensive geophysical methods
-
Abstract: The occurrence of landslides in Heifangtai plateau is primarily caused by the rise in water levels due to irrigation. To accurately understand the distribution of groundwater and its impact on the landslide hazard, a combination of Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Induced Polarization (IP) and Surface Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SNMR) methods were used in this study. By conducting a comprehensive analysis, the characteristics of water-bearing structure in vertical and groundwater distribution in horizontal were detected; and the influence of the groundwater on plateau and landslides was also identified. The results indicate that the groundwater occurs in the loess aquifer with a three-layer structure in vertical. Horizontally, the aquifer has a unified water table over the plateau, with a low water level in the north and high one in the south. The high resistivity bedrock uplift belt in the middle of the plateau forms a watershed, with the north side of the uplift belt being a relatively stable slope area with stable water content and fewer geological disasters. In contrast, the south side of the uplift belt is a disaster-prone region with vertical fissures well developed in the loess aquifers. The southern landslides are characterized by the interphase distribution of high and low electrical resistivity. The infiltration and discharge of groundwater result in the formation of a collapse belt in the low resistivity water-bearing structure of landslide, which causes the entire block with high resistivity and stable bedrock to slide. There was a newly formed landslide in a larger range at the landslide’s trailing edge. This study provides a scientific basis for the study of landslides mechanisms and disaster prevention by identifying the distribution characteristics of groundwater and analyzing its influence from a geophysical perspective in Heifangtai.
-
Key words:
- ERT /
- IP /
- SNMR /
- Distribution characteristics /
- Uplift belt /
- Sliding surface
1 Xi’an CGS. Investigation Report on Loess Landslide in Heifangtai Area of Gansu Province. 2016.
注释: -
Figure 2. Topographical profile across Heifangtai (Wang et al. 2017)
Table 1. Logging formation resistivity in Heifangtai
Lithology Status Resistivity range
/Ohm·mLoess Dry
aqueous100–200
5–80Silty clay 10–300 Sand and gravel 5–100 Sandstone-mudstone 3–50 
下载: 导出CSV
Table 2. Technical parameters
Working method Technical parameters SNMR Coil: 8-character square;
Superimposition times: 128;
Pulse distance: 40 ms.Side length: 75 m;
Number of pulse distance: 16；IP Device: Symmetric quadrupole;
Supply electrode distance: 5 mMaximum supply electrode distance: 400 m; ERT Device: Wenner;
Electrode spacing: 5–10 m.Maximum section length: 2 900 m;
下载: 导出CSV
Table 3. Technical parameters
Experimental tests SNMR inversion Discrepancy rate /% Static water level depth (m) 51.32 Upper interface of bedrock aquifer (m) 50.43 1.73 Bedrock water Content (%) 25.73 Bedrock water Content (%) 23.65 8.17
下载: 导出CSV
-
Achref C, Belgacem R, Hakim G, et al. 2017. Combined application of vertical electrical sounding and 2D electrical resistivity imaging for geothermal groundwater characterization: Hammam Sayala hot spring case study (NW Tunisia). Journal of African Earth Sciences, 134(10): 292−298. DOI: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.07.003. Bian SQ, Yang YP, Ma JH, et al. 2020. Two-dimensional imaging study of internal moisture in loess slope: A case study of the Luojiapo landslide in Heifangtai terrace. Journal of Engineering Geology, 28(4): 840−851. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.13544/j.cnki.Jeg.2019-345. Cao CW, Xu Q, Peng DL, et al. 2016. Research on the failure mechanism of the Heifangtai loess landslides based on the physical simulation experiments. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 43(4): 72−77. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.2016.04.12. Cesar AM, Vania R, Lucas MF, et al. 2021. Hydraulic conductivity and geophysics (ERT) to assess the aquifer recharge capacity of an inland wetland in the Brazilian Savanna. Environmental Challenges, 12(5): 1−10. DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2021.100274. Derbyshire E, Dijkstra TA, Smalley IJ, et al. 1994. Failure mechanisms in loess and the effects of moisture content changes on remolded strength. Quaternary International, 24: 5−15. DOI: 10.1016/1040-6182(94)90032-9. Derbyshire E. 2001. Geological hazards in loess terrain with particular reference to the loess regions of China. Earth-Science Reviews, 54(1-3): 231−260. DOI: 10.1016/S0012-8252(01)00050-2. Dong Y, Jia J, Zhang MS, et al. 2013. An analysis of the inducing effects of irrigation and the responses of loess landslides in Heifangtai area. Geological Bulletin of China, 32(6): 893−898. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2013.06.011. Hou XK, Sai KV, Li TL. 2018. Water infiltration characteristics in loess associated with irrigation activities and its influence on the slope stability in Heifangtai loess highland, China. Engineering Geology, 234: 27−37. DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.12.020. Jia J, Zhu LF, Hu W. 2013. The formation mechanism and disaster mode of loess landslides induced by irrigation in Heifangtai, Gansu Province: A case study of the 13th landslide in Jiaojiayatou. Geological Bulletin of China, 32(12): 1968−1975. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2013.12.011. Jin YL, Dai FC. 2007. Analysis of loess slope stability due to groundwater rise. Journal of Engineering Geology, 15(5): 599−606. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9665.2007.05.004. Lian BQ, Peng JB, Zhan HB, et al. 2020. Formation mechanism analysis of irrigation-induced retrogressive loess landslides. Caneta, 195: 104441. DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2019.104441. Lu K, Li F, Pan JW, et al. 2021. Using electrical resistivity tomography and surface nuclear magnetic resonance to investigate cultural relic preservation in Leitai, China. Engineering Geology, 285: 106042. DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106042. Ren XH, Xu Q, Zhao KY, et al. 2020. Effect of repeated infiltration on permeability characteristics of remolded loess. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 39(2): 130−138. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2020.0214. Rustadi, Darmawan IGB, Nandi H, et al. 2022. Groundwater exploration using integrated geophysics method in hard rock terrains in Mount Betung Western Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 10(01): 10−18. DOI: 10.19637/j.cnki.2305-7068.2022.01.002. Song DY, Zhang MS, Mu HD, et al. 2018. Research on the evolution mechanism of deformation and failure of No. 13 landslide in the north of Jiaojiayatou. Geological Bulletin of China, 37(7): 1360−1364. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.12097/j.issn.1671-2552.2018.07.019. Song HW, Xia F, Mu HD, et al. 2020. Study on detecting spatial distribution availability in mine goafs by ultra-high density electrical method. Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 8(3): 281−286. DOI: 10.19637/j.cnki.2305-7068.2020.03.008. Tian ZY, Zhang MS, Feng L, et al. 2019. Preferential passage detection of loess landslide based on integrated geophysical exploration. Northwestern Geology, 52(2): 172−180. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.19751/j.cnki.61-1149/p.2019.02.01. Wang JD, Liu Y. 1999. A further study on the mechanism of high speed loess landslide in state of creeping and sliding lique faction. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 19(001): 79−82. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/16/9/027. Wang JD, Hui YH. 2001. Systems analysis on Heifangtai loess landslide in crows induced by irrigated water. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 21(3): 10−13. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2001.03.005. Wang NQ, Yang PP, Wang DK, et al. 2017. Underground water infiltration area of slope at the edge of loess “yuan”, Heifangtai, Yanguoxia. Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology, 37(1): 51−56. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.13800/j.cnki.Xakjdxxb.2017.0109. Wang ZR, Wu WJ, Zhou ZQ. 2004. Landslide induced by over-irrigation in loess platform areas in Gansu Province. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 15(3): 43−47. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.2004.03.010. Wu CX, Xu L, Dai FC, et al. 2011. Topographic features and initiation of earth flows on Heifangtai loess plateau. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 32(6): 1767−1773. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2011.06.028. Wu WJ, SU X, Feng LT, et al. 2019. The study on landslide types and activity characteristics in Heifangtai, Gansu Province. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 41(6): 1483−1495. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0066. Xu L, Li HJ, WU DX. 2008. Discussion on infiltration of surface water and their significance to terrace loess landslides. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 19(2): 32−35. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-8035.2008.02.007. Xu L, Dai FC, Kuang GL, et al. 2009. Characteristics and forming mechanisms of the Plateau-Edge cracks and their significance to loess landslides. Geological Review, 55(1): 85−90. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.16509/j.georeview.2009.01.019. Xu Q, Peng DL, Qi X, et al. 2016. Dangchuan 2# landsside of April 29, 2015 in Heifangtai area of Gansu Province: Characterisitics and failure mechanism. Journal of Engineering Geology, 24(2): 167−180. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2016.02.001. Xu Q, Qi X, Xiu DH, et al. 2019. Critical water level of abrupt loess landslides: A case study in Heifangtai, Gansu Province. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 50(03): 315−322. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20190013. Xu YJ, Gu TF, Wang JD, et al. 2017. An analysis of the influence of the loess fissures flooding effect on slope stability. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 44(4): 154−159. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.2017.04.23. Ye WL, Kang LJ, An YP, et al. 2021. Analysis of the characteristics and causes of Jiaojia landslide on February 28, 2019 in Yongjing County, Gansu Province. Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Sciences), 57(3): 369−375. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.13885/j.issn.0455-2059.2021.03.012. Yu FD, Hao QL, Du H, et al. 2014. Finding out water content characteristic in Heifangtai watering area with geophysical methods. Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics, 11(3): 422−425. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7940.2014.03.027. Zeng L, Jia J. 2022. Instability mechanism and stability trend of loess slope during seasonal Freeze-thaw process. Geological Bulletin of China, 41(8): 1494−1503. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.12097/j.issn.1671-2552.2022.08.015. Zhang FY, Wang GH, Peng JB. 2022. Initiation and mobility of recurring loess flowslides on the Heifangtai irrigated terrace in China: Insights from hydrogeological conditions and liquefaction criteria. Engineering Geology, 302: 106619. DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106619. Zhang Q, Huang GW, Yang CS. 2017. Precision space observation technique for geological hazard monitoring and early warning. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 46(10): 1300−1307. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20170453. Zhang XL, Xu Q, Peng DL, et al. 2017. Application of high-density resistivity method to groundwater exploration in Heifangtai. Progress in Geophysics, 32(4): 1862−1867. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.6038/pg20170462. Zhao JF, Huang JY, Hou XK, et al. 2017. Analysis of a Flow-slide in Heifangtai induced by irrigation. Journal of Catastrophology, 32(4): 60−66. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2017.04.010. Zhao KY, Xu Q, Qi X, et al. 2016. Research on types and characteristics of loess landslides in Gansu Heifangtai. Yangtze River, 47(14): 46−50. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.16232/j.cnki.1001-4179.2016.14.011. Zhou F, Xu Q, Qi X, et al. 2020. The mechanism study of the irrigation-induced sudden loess landslides. Mountain Research, 38(1): 73−82. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000492. Zhu LF. 2019. Analysis of control factors and external force for the landslides in Heifangtai area. Northwestern Geology, 52(3): 217−222. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.19751/j.cnki.61-1149/p.2019.03.020. -
点击查看大图
图(9) / 表ll (3)
计量
- 文章访问数: 385
- HTML全文浏览量: 185
- PDF下载量: 37
- 被引次数: 0
