Temesgen Mekuriaw Manderso; Yitbarek Andualem Mekonnen; Tadege Aragaw Worku

doi:10.26599/JGSE.2023.9280019

doi: 10.26599/JGSE.2023.9280019

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-11
- 录用日期: 2023-06-05
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-15
- 刊出日期: 2023-09-15

Application of GIS based analytical hierarchy process and multicriteria decision analysis methods to identify groundwater potential zones in Jedeb Watershed, Ethiopia

1.
Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor Ethiopia

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Corresponding author: tmekuriaw1485@gmail.com

摘要

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Abstract: The hydrogeological situation of the study area requires the identification of groundwater potential. Remote sensing and satellite data have proven to be reliable tools for understanding various factors that affect groundwater occurrence and movement. This study employed weighted overlay analysis based on satellite imagery and secondary data to create a thematic map for characterizing groundwater potentials in the study area located within Abbay Basin, Ethiopia. Remote sensing (RS) and GIS-based Fuzzy-Analytical Hierarchy Process methods were utilized to classify groundwater potential (GWP) zones into five categories: Very good, good, moderate, poor, and very poor. The central and eastern parts of the study area were identified as having high (33.186%) and very high (2.351%) groundwater potentials, while the western part exhibited poor and very poor potential areas. The groundwater potential map delineated higher and moderate potentials, suitable for installing shallow and production bores. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of RS and GIS techniques for delineating groundwater potential zones, which can aid in the planning and management of groundwater resources. The research findings have the potential to contribute to the formulation of improved groundwater management programs in the study area.
- Analytical Hierarchy Process /
- Delineation /
- Groundwater potential zones /
- Jedeb Watershed /
- Remote sensing

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Figure 1. Location of study area

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Figure 2. Work flow

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Figure 3. Drainage density a) before reclassification b) after reclassification

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Figure 4. Slope a) before reclassification b) after reclassification

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Figure 5. Geomorphology

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Figure 6. Geology of the study area

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Figure 7. Lineament density a) before reclassification b) after reclassification

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Figure 8. Annual mean rainfall distribution

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Figure 9. Land use land cover

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Figure 10. Soil type distribution map

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Figure 11. Groundwater potential zone map in Jedeb watershed

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Table 1. Different values of N, Saaty's ratio index (Abdalla et al. 2020; Allafta and Opp, 2021; Jabbar et al. 2019; Savita et al. 2018; Teja and Singh, 2019)

N	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
RI	0.00	0.00	0.58	0.90	1.12	1.24	1.32	1.41	1.45	1.49	1.51	1.48

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Table 2. Rate and ranks of drainage density

Drainage density / km/km²	Rank	Area / km²	Percent / %
0–0.698	Very low	23.103	26.659
0.698–1.56	Low	22.500	25.963
1.56–2.39	Moderate	19.591	22.606
2.39–3.36	High	151.453	17.476
3.36–6.858	Very high	63.240	7.297

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Table 3. Rank and rate of slope layer

Slope in degrees	Condition	Rank	Area / km²	Percent / %
0–4.272	Flat	Very Good	166.65	19.23
4.272–8.312 2	Gentle	Good	266.69	30.77
8.312–15.672	Medium	Moderate	284.40	32.82
15.672–30.571	Steep	Poor	133.67	15.42
30.571–69.865	Highly steep	Very poor	15.23	1.76

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Table 4. Geomorphologic description and rate of the layer (FAO)

Geomorphology	Landforms	Area / km²	Percent / %
High to mountainous relief hills	Volcanic land form	203.229 6	3.66
Moderately dissected plateaux, plateaux with hills abd rolling to hilly plateau		324.154	0.99
Plains and low plateaux with hills, moderately dissected sideslopes and dissected plains		8.1512	95.35
Moderately dissected plateaux, plateaux with hills and rolling to hilly plateau	Residual land form	298.872 8
Moderate to high relief hills and severely dissected side slopes and plateaux	Residual land form	0.464 8
Seasonal wetland and seasonally waterlogged land	Alluvial land form	31.703 2

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Table 5. Rank and rate of geology layer

Geology	Rank	Area / km²	Percent / %
PreCambrian	Low	1.048	0.12
Cretaceous-Jurassic	Moderate	126.86	14.64
Tertiary extrusive and intrusive	High	738.671	85.24

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Table 6. Rate and rank of lineament density theme

Lineament density / km/km²	Rank	Area / km²	Percent / %
0–0.322	Very low	439.341	50.695
0.32185–0.88	Low	146.745	16.933
0.88–1.32	Moderate	235.726	27.200
1.32–1.77	High	29.220	3.372
1.77–2.74	Very high	15.603	1.800

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Table 7. Rate and ranks of RF layer

Rainfall / mm	Rank	Area / km²	Percent / %
1190–1280	Very Poor	75.575	8.721
1280–1370	Poor	151.312	17.460
1380–1460	Moderate	403.333	46.540
1460–1550	Good	178.135	20.555
1550–1640	Very good	58.275	6.724

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Table 8. Area coverage and rate of LU/LC

Land use type	Rank	Area / km²	Percent / %
Water body	Very high	0.797	0.092
Forest	High	43.785	5.052
Grassland	Moderate	29.571	3.412
Agricultural land	Moderate	642.777	74.170
Shurbland	Moderate	26.674	3.078
Builtup Area	Very poor	122.838	14.174
Bareland	Very Poor	0.181	0.021

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Table 9. Soil type rank and rate

Soil type	Soil group	Area / km²	Percent / %	Ranks
Chromic Cambisols	Cambisols	29.9648	3.46
Chromic Luvisols	Luvisols	112.8032	13.02	Moderate
Chromic Vertisols	Vertisols	92.0356	10.62	Poor
Dystric Nitosols	Nitosols	3.6436	0.42	Very high
Eutric Fluvisols	Fluvisols	0.5336	0.06	Very high
Eutric Nitosols	Nitosols	138.4196	15.97	Very high
Lithosols	Lithosols	19.082	2.20	High
Orthic Acrisols	Acrisols	4.4128	0.51	Poor
Pellic Vertisols	Vertisols	465.6804	53.74	Poor

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Table 10. The relative weight of each thematic layers

Matrix	R	Ge	Sl	Geom	Dd	LULC	Ld	S	Weight / %
R	1	3	3	3	5	5	5	7	33.09
Ge	0.33	1	3	1	3	5	5	5	20.39
Sl	0.33	0.33	1	3	1	3	3	5	13.97
Geom	0.33	1	0.33	1	1	2	5	3	11.35
Dd	0.2	0.33	1	1	1	1	2	3	8.24
LULC	0.2	0.2	0.33	0.5	1	1	1	3	5.69
Ld	0.2	0.2	0.33	0.2	0.5	1	1	1	4.06
S	0.143	0.2	0.2	0.33	0.33	0.33	1	1	3.20

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Table 11. Rank and area coverage of groundwater potential zones

Classes	Rank	Area / km²	GWP weighted area / %
1	Very poor potential	35.516	4.112
2	Poor potential	141.197	16.347
3	Moderate potential	380.087	44.005
4	High potential	286.637	33.186
5	Very high potential	20.303	2.351
Total		866.63	100

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