Qing-shan Li; Xiao-bing Kang; Mo Xu; Bang-yan Mao

doi:10.26599/JGSE.2023.9280031

doi: 10.26599/JGSE.2023.9280031

^{1, 2},
^2, ,,
²,
³

计量
- 文章访问数: 176
- HTML全文浏览量: 83
- PDF下载量: 102
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-01-28
- 录用日期: 2023-09-26
- 网络出版日期: 2023-12-10
- 刊出日期: 2023-12-31

Effects of coal mining and tunnel excavation on groundwater flow system in karst areas by modeling: A case study in Zhongliang Mountain, Chongqing, Southwest China

1.
Sichuan Tianshengyuan Environmental Service Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610036, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
3.
China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610031, China

More Information

Corresponding author: kangxiaobing09@cdut.cn

摘要

- /
- /
- /
Abstract: A karst groundwater system ranks among the most sensitive and vulnerable types of groundwater systems. Coal mining and tunnel excavation can greatly change the natural hydrogeological flow system, groundwater-dependent vegetation, soil, as well as hydrology of surface water systems. Abandoned coal mine caves and proposed highway tunnels may have significant influences on groundwater systems. This study employs MODFLOW, a 3D finite-difference groundwater model software, to simulate the groundwater system's response to coal mining and tunnel excavation impact in Zhongliang Mountain, Chongqing, from 1948 to 2035. The results show a regional decline in groundwater levels within the study area following mining and tunnel construction. The groundwater flow system in the study area evolves from the Jialing River groundwater flow system to encompass the Jialing River, Moxinpo highway tunnel, Moxinpo, and the Liujiagou coal mine cave groundwater flow systems between 1948 and 2025. With the completion of tunnel construction, the groundwater level at the top of the tunnel is gradually restored to the water level in the natural state. The model also predicts groundwater level variations between 2025 and 2035. The groundwater level will rise further initially, however, it may take about 10 years for the system to stabilize and reach a new equilibrium. In light of these findings, it is advised that changes in groundwater flow systems caused by tunnel construction should be modeled prior to the practical construction. This approach is crucial for evaluating potential engineering and environmental implications.
- Human activities /
- Aquifer system /
- Evolution of groundwater system /
- Numerical modeling

HTML全文

Figure 1. Simplified geologic map and location of the study area in Chongqing Zhongliang Mountain.

Notes: Cross-sections A–A', B–B', and C–C' are illustrated in Fig. 2 , Cross-section D–D' is illustrated in Fig. 3

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 2. Hydrogeological cross-sectional: A–A' passes through Liujiagou coal mine, B–B' passes through Moxinpo coal mine, and C–C' passes through Moxinpo highway tunnel

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 3. Longitudinal section plan of D-D'

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 4. Three-dimensional hydrogeological structure spatial model

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 5. Comparison between observed and simulated groundwater levels at the 16 observation springs in the calibrated steady-state flow model

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 6. Groundwater seepage field under natural state

Notes: a: horizontal projection of the elevation z=200 m–500 m; b: cross-section profile of Moxinpo highway tunnel, Moxinpo, and Liujiagou coal mine cave.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 7. The groundwater flow simulation with coal mine cave

Notes: a. Horizontal projection of the elevation z=200 m–500 m; b. Cross-section profile of Moxinpo highway tunnel, Moxinpo, and Liujiagou coal mine cave; and c. The drawdowns contour horizontal projection of the elevation z=200 m–500 m

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 8. The groundwater flow simulation with coal mine cave

Notes: a. Horizontal projection of the elevation z=200 m–500 m; b. Cross-section profile of Moxinpo highway tunnel, Moxinpo, and Liujiagou coal mine cave; c. The drawdowns contour horizontal projection of the elevation z=200 m–500 m

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 9. The groundwater flow simulation with coal mine cave

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 10. D-D' cross-section (Fig. 1) view of modeled hydraulic heads and flow paths in the four scenarios

Notes: a. Scenario of natural state; b. Scenario of coal mining; c. Scenario of tunnel excavation combined with coal mine cave; d. Scenario of the built tunnel and coal mine cave

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 11. The simulated groundwater level variation from 1948 to 2035

Notes: S1 - the Liujiagou coal mine cave; S5 - the Mxinpo coal mine cave; S9 - the Mxinpo tunnel

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Table 1. Division and distribution of aquifer system in the study area

Aquifer system	Aquifer group	Groundwater types	Main distribution
GNW aquifer system	Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation (T₃xj)	Clastic rock pore-fracture water	Niujiao Temple-Dayakou-Wenjiapo area
	Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation (T₂l)	Carbonate fractured cave water	Daqiao Bend-Old Linpo-Tea Bend area
	Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation (T₁j)	Carbonate fractured cave water	Gandongzi-Tianfu Town-Zongqiaogou area
GC aquifer system	Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation (T₁f^1-3)	Clastic rock with carbonate fractured cave water	Shizigou-Datiangou-Wulipo area
	Upper Permian Changxing Formation (P₂c)
	Upper Permian Longtan Formation (P₂l)
GSE aquifer system	Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation (T₃xj)	Clastic rock pore-fracture water	Tiefeng Temple-Tanjiagou-Lishu Village
	Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation (T₂l)	Carbonate fractured cave water	Dabaozhai-Confucius Temple-belt
	Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation (T₁j)	Carbonate fractured cave water	Uki Village-Houba-Da Uki area

下载: 导出CSV

Table 2. List of four modeling scenarios

Number	Scenarios	Recharge boundary	Drainage boundary	State	Simulation-period
MXP-1	Scenario of natural state	Rainfall	1. Jialing River 2. Subterranean stream	Steady	1948
MXP-2	Scenario of coal mining	Rainfall	1. Jialing River 2. Subterranean stream 3. Moxinpo and Liujiagou coal mining	Transient	1948–2020
MXP-3	scenario of tunnel excavation and coal mine cave	Rainfall	1. Jialing River 2. Subterranean stream 3. Moxinpo and Liujiagou coal mine cave 4. Moxinpo highway tunnel excavation	Transient	2020–2025
MXP-4	Scenario of tunnel construction and coal mine cave	Rainfall	1. Jialing River 2. Subterranean stream 3. Moxinpo and Liujiagou coal mine cave 4. Moxinpo highway tunnel built	Transient	2025–2035

下载: 导出CSV

Table 3. Hydraulic conductivity values of each strata

Strata	Kx /m/d	Ky /m/d	Kz /m/d	Ss	Sy	Parameter source
T₁f ²	0.010	0.020	0.010	5E-6	0.001	Pumping test results and modeled parameters (Zhao et al. 2015; Li, 2017)
T₁f ³	0.082	0.163	0.082	5E-6	0.001
T₁f ⁴	0.0069	0.0138	0.0069	7E-6	0.005
T₁j	0.119	0.238	0.119	8E-5	0.03
T₂l	0.010	0.020	0.010	8E-5	0.02
T₃x_j	0.036	0.072	0.036	5E-6	0.005
P_2-3	0.010	0.020	0.010	8E-5	0.03
J_1-2	0.0069	0.0138	0.0069	0.0069	7E-6
Fault	0.5	1	1	5E-4	0.08

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(30)

Bahrami S, Ardejani FD. 2014 Numerical modelling of the groundwater inflow to an advancing open pit mine: Kolahdarvazeh pit, Central Iran. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186: 8573-8585.

Dafny E, Burg A, Gvirtzman H. 2010. Effects of Karst and geological structure on groundwater flow: The case of Yarqon-Taninim Aquifer, Israel. Journal of Hydrology, 389: 260−275. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.05.038.

Ford D, Williams PD. 2007. Karst Hydrogeology and Geomorphology. John Wiley & Sons.

Fu HT. 2019. The application of 3D modeling technology to the kimberlite rock tube exploration: A case study of Wafangdian in Liaoning Province. Geological Bulletin of China, 38(1): 51−55. (in Chinese)

Gutiérrez F, Parise M, De Waele J, et al. 2014. A review on natural and human-induced geohazards and impacts in karst. Earth-Science Reviews, 138: 61−88. DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.08.002.

Gong DX, Hui B, Zhou JY, 2018. Features of micro-fabric and the genetic study of Triassic deep polyhalite in the Guang'an area, central Sichuan Basin. China Geology, 1: 453-454.

Hou ST, Cai JY, Tan KY, et al. 2019. A mine drainage treatment system for AMD in remediation of metal sulfide mines. China Geology, 2(3): 2. DOI: 10.31035/cg2018112.

Hanna TM, Azrag E, Atkinson LC. 1994. Use of an analytical solution for preliminary estimates of groundwater inflow to a pit. Mining Engineering, 46: 149−152.

Hu LT, Jiao JL. 2010. Modeling the influences of land reclamation on groundwater systems: A case study in Shekou peninsula, Shenzhen, China. Engineering Geology, 114: 144−153. DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.04.011.

Jiang XW, Wan L, Wang XS, et al. 2009. Effect of exponential decay in hydraulic conductivity with depth on regional groundwater flow. Geophysical Research Letters, 36.

Kang XB, Luo S, Xu M. 2015. Research on the mechanism of water resource loss in east karst mountain area of Sichuan. Desalination and Water Treatment, 53: 557−566. DOI: 10.1080/19443994.2013.846463.

Li J, Hong AH, Yuan DX, et al. 2021. A new distributed karst-tunnel hydrological model and tunnel hydrological effect simulations. Journal of Hydrology, 593.

Lin L, Lin H. 2019. Determination of groundwater sustainable yield using a numerical modelling approach for the Table Mountain Group sandstone aquifer, Rawsonville, South Africa. Hydrogeology Journal, 27: 841−855. DOI: 10.1007/s10040-018-1902-3.

Liu JC, Shen LC, Wang ZX, et al. 2019. Response of plants water uptake patterns to tunnels excavation based on stable isotopes in a karst trough valley. Journal of Hydrology, 571: 485−493. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.01.073.

Li QS. 2017. Establishment and application of spatial model of water bearing system in Chongqing Zhongliangshan Moxianpo tunnel area. M. D. thesis. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Technology. (in Chinese)

Lv YX, Jiang YJ, Hu W, et al. 2020. A review of the effects of tunnel excavation on the hydrology, ecology, and environment in karst areas: Current status, challenges, and perspectives. Journal of Hydrology, 586: 124891. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124891.

Nguyen VH. 2021. Determination of groundwater solute transport parameters in finite element modelling using tracer injection and withdrawal testing data. Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 9(4): 292−303. DOI: 10.19637/j.cnki.2305-7068.2021.04.003.

Naidu LS, G. Rao VVS, T. Rao G, et al. 2013. An integrated approach to investigate saline water intrusion and to identify the salinity sources in the central godavari delta, andhra pradesh, India. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 6: 3709−3724. DOI: 10.1007/s12517-012-0634-2.

Rani FM, Chen ZH. 2010. Numerical modeling of groundwater flow in Karst Aquifer, Makeng Mining Area. American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 6: 78-82.

Ren K, Zeng J, Liang JP, et al. 2021. Impacts of acid mine drainage on karst aquifers: Evidence from hydrogeochemistry, stable sulfur and oxygen isotopes. Science of the Total Environment, 761: 143223. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143223.

Sun WJ, Wu Q, Liu HL, et al. 2015. Prediction and assessment of the disturbances of the coal mining in Kailuan to karst groundwater system. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 89-90: 136-144.

Surinaidu L, Gurunadha R, Srinivasa R, et al. 2014. Hydrogeological and groundwater modeling studies to estimate the groundwater inflows into the coal Mines at different mine development stages using MODFLOW, Andhra Pradesh, India. Water Resources and Industry, 7-8: 49−65. DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2014.10.002.

To´th J. 1963. A theoretical analysis of groundwater flow in small drainage basins. Journal of Geophysical Research, 68: 4795−4812. DOI: 10.1029/JZ068i008p02354.

Vincenzi V, Gargini A, Goldscheider N. 2009. Using tracer tests and hydrological observations to evaluate effects of tunnel drainage on groundwater and surface waters in the Northern Apennines (Italy). Hydrogeology Journal, 17: 135−150. DOI: 10.1007/s10040-008-0371-5.

Wang WS, Oswald SE, Gräff T, et al. 2019. Impact of river reconstruction on groundwater flow during bank filtration assessed by transient three-dimensional modelling of flow and heat transport. Hydrogeology Journal, 28: 723−743. DOI: 10.1007/s10040-019-02063-3.

Zhang GW. 2013. Type curve and numerical solutions for estimation of Transmissivity and Storage coefficient with variable discharge condition. Journal of Hydrology, 476: 345−351. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.11.003.

Zhang H, Wang Y, Yang R, et al. 2018. Modeling the effects of phosphate mining on groundwater at different stages of mine development. Mine Water and the Environment, 37: 604−616. DOI: 10.1007/s10230-018-0510-8.

Zhang WT, Qi JH, Xu M. 2015. Analysis on variation characteristics of karst groundwater systems under tunnel engineering conditions in Southwest China. Geoscience, 29(02): 421−427. (in Chinese)

Zhao R, Xu M, Fan CC. 2015. Numerical simulation of the groundwater seepage field of a tunnel group in an Ejective Anticline Zone. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 52: 69−73. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.13807/j.cnki.mtt.2015.03.010.

Zhong LM, Xu M, Wu ML, et al. 2018. Development of deep karst under the coupling of multistage flow systems: A case of southern part of the Zhongliang Mountain anticline of the parallel barrier structure in Eastern Sichuan. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 45(01): 45−51. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.16030/j.cnki.Issn.1000-3665.2018.01.07.

[1]	Marwa M Aly, Shymaa AK Fayad, Ahmed MI Abd Elhamid2024: Assessment of groundwater suitability for different activities in Toshka district, south Egypt, Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 12, 34-48. doi: 10.26599/JGSE.2024.9280004
[2]	Sun Yu-kun, Liu Feng, Wang Hua-jun, Gao Xin-zhi2022: Numerical simulation of operation performance on production and injection of a double well geothermal system in Kailu Basin, Inner Mongolia, Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 10, 196-208. doi: 10.19637/j.cnki.2305-7068.2022.02.008
[3]	Cherif Kessar, Yamina Benkesmia, Bilal Blissag, Lahsen Wahib Kébir2021: Delineation of groundwater potential zones in Wadi Saida Watershed of NW-Algeria using remote sensing, geographic information system-based AHP techniques and geostatistical analysis, Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 9, 45-64. doi: 10.19637/j.cnki.2305-7068.2021.01.005
[4]	YUAN Qiao-ling, LI Zhi-ping, LI Lei-cheng, WANG Shu-li, YAO Si-yu2020: Pharmaceuticals and personal care products transference-transformation in aquifer system, Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 8, 358-365. doi: 10.19637/j.cnki.2305-7068.2020.04.006
[5]	Nouayti Abderrahime, Khattach Driss, Hilali Mohamed, Nouayti Nordine2019: Mapping potential areas for groundwater storage in the High Guir Basin (Morocco):Contribution of remote sensing and geographic information system, Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 7, 309-322. doi: DOI: 10.19637/j.cnki.2305-7068.2019.04.002
[6]	A Muthamilselvan, N Rajasekaran, R Suresh2019: Mapping of hard rock aquifer system and artificial recharge zonation through remote sensing and GIS approach in parts of Perambalur District of Tamil Nadu, India, Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 7, 264-281. doi: DOI: 10.19637/j.cnki.2305-7068.2019.03.007
[7]	SOSI Benjamin, BARONGO Justus, GETABU Albert, MAOBE Samson2019: Electrical-hydraulic conductivity model for a weathered-fractured aquifer system of Olbanita, Lower Baringo Basin, Kenya Rift, Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 7, 360-372. doi: DOI: 10.19637/j.cnki.2305-7068.2019.04.007
[8]	SADIKI Moulay Lhassan, EL MANSOURI Bouabid, BENSEDDIK Badr, CHAO Jamal, KILI Malika, EL MEZOUARY Lhoussaine2019: Improvement of groundwater resources potential by artificial recharge technique: A case study of Charf El Akab aquifer in the Tangier region, Morocco, Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 7, 224-236. doi: DOI: 10.19637/j.cnki.2305-7068.2019.03.003
[9]	GUO Chun-yan, CUI Ya-li, LIU Wen-na, CUI Xiang-xiang, FEI Yu-hong2018: Research on numerical simulation of the groundwater funnels restoration in Shijiazhuang, Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 6, 126-135. doi: 10.19637/j.cnki.2305-7068.2018.02.006
[10]	LI Bo, LI Xue-mei2018: Characteristics of karst groundwater system in the northern basin of Laiyuan Spring area, Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 6, 261-269. doi: 10.19637/j.cnki.2305-7068.2018.04.002
[11]	LI Lu-lu, SU Chen, HAO Qi-chen, SHAO Jing-li2018: Numerical simulation of response of groundwater flow system in inland basin to density changes, Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 6, 7-17. doi: 10.19637/j.cnki.2305-7068.2018.01.002
[12]	YU Kai-ning, LIAO An-ran2016: Primary study on evaluation index system for groundwater exploitation potentiality based on the niche theories, Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 4, 18-25.
[13]	HAO Qi-chen, SHAO Jing-li, CUI Ya-li, ZHANG Qiu-lan2016: Development of a new method for efficiently calculating of evaporation from the phreatic aquifer in variably saturated flow modeling, Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 4, 26-34.
[14]	LIU Jun-qiu, XIE Xin-min2016: Numerical simulation of groundwater and early warnings from the simulated dynamic evolution trend in the plain area of Shenyang, Liaoning Province (P.R. China), Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 4, 367-376.
[15]	WANG Ying, CHEN Zong-yu2016: Responses of groundwater system to water development in northern China, Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 4, 69-80.
[16]	YANG Yun, WU Jian-feng, LIU De-peng2015: Numerical modeling of water yield of mine in Yangzhuang Iron Mine, Anhui Province of China, Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 3, 352-362.
[17]	CHENG Yan-pei, DONG Hua2015: Groundwater system division and compilation of Groundwater Resources Map of Asia, Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 3, 127-135.
[18]	WEI Jia-hua, CHU Hai-bo, WANG Rong, JIANG Yuan2015: Numerical simulation of karst groundwater system for discharge prediction and protection design of spring in Fangshan District, Beijing, Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 3, 316-330.
[19]	Chang-li LIU, Chao SONG, Hong-bing HOU, Xiu-yan WANG, Yun ZHANG, Jun-kun WANG, Jian-mei JIANG, Li-xin PEI, Bo SONG2014: The Impact of Human Activities on CO2 Intake by Carbonate Weathering: A Case Study of Conglin Karst Ridge-trough at Fuling Town, Chongqing, China, Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 2, 29-38.
[20]	Wang Qian, Zhang Lizhong, Cai Zizhao, Huo Zhibin, Zhang Huaidong2013: Evaluation Index System of Hydrogeological Investigation Software, Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 1, 96-103.