Masoud H Hamed; Rebwar N Dara; Marios C Kirlas

doi:10.26599/JGSE.2024.9280003

doi: 10.26599/JGSE.2024.9280003

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-08-09
- 录用日期: 2023-11-30
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-15
- 刊出日期: 2024-03-15

Groundwater vulnerability assessment using a GIS-based DRASTIC method in the Erbil Dumpsite area (Kani Qirzhala), Central Erbil Basin, North Iraq

1.
Department of Earth Sciences and Petroleum, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
2.
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, Knowledge University, Erbil, Iraq
3.
Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

More Information

Corresponding author: kirlasmarios@agro.auth.gr

摘要

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Abstract: Groundwater vulnerability assessment is a crucial step in the efficient management of groundwater resources, especially in areas with intensive anthropogenic activities and groundwater pollution. In the present study, the DRASTIC method was applied using Geographic Information System (GIS) to delineate groundwater vulnerability zones in the Erbil Dumpsite area, Central Erbil Basin, North Iraq. Results showed that the area was classified into four vulnerability classes: Very low (16.97%), low (27.67%), moderate (36.55%) and high (18.81%). The southern, south-eastern and northern parts of the study area exhibited the highest vulnerability potential, while the central-northern, northern and north-western regions displayed the lowest vulnerability potential. Moreover, results of the single-parameter sensitivity analysis indicated that amongst the seven DRASTIC parameters, the unsaturated zone and the aquifer media were the most influencing parameters. In conclustion, the correlation of 25 nitrate concentration values with the final vulnerability map, assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient, yielded a satisfactory result of R = 0.72.
- DRASTIC /
- Erbil /
- Iraq /
- Groundwater vulnerability assessment /
- Nitrate /
- Pollution /
- Sensitivity analysis

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Figure 1. Location and DEM map of the study area and the dumpsite

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Figure 2. Depth to water map of Kani Qirzhala aquifer

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Figure 3. Recharge map of Kani Qirzhala aquifer

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Figure 4. Aquifer media map of Kani Qirzhala aquifer

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Figure 5. Soil media map of Kani Qirzhala aquifer

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Figure 6. Topography map of Kani Qirzhala aquifer

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Figure 7. Impact of the vadose zone map of Kani Qirzhala aquifer

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Figure 8. Hydraulic conductivity map of Kani Qirzhala aquifer

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Figure 9. DRASTIC vulnerability map of Kani Qirzhala aquifer

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Figure 10. Nitrate concentration distribution

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Figure 11. Correlation of DRASTIC index with NO₃ values

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Table 1. Weight, ranges and ratings of DRASTIC parameters (Aller et al. 1987)

DRASTIC parameter	Range/type	Rating	Standard weight
D: Depth to water (m)	35–50	7	5
	50–60	6
	60–70	5
	70–80	4
	80–90	3
	90–100	2
	>100	1
R: Net recharge (mm/a)	0–50	1	4
	50–100	3
	100–175	6
	175–246	8
A: Aquifer media	Clay	3	3
	Silty clay	4
	Silty sand	6
	Sand	7
	Sandy gravel	8
S: Soil media	Clay	2	2
	Clay loam	3
	Sandy loam	6
	Silty sand	7
	Fine sand	8
T: Topography (%)	0–2	10	1
	2–6	9
	6–12	5
	12–18	3
	>18	1
I: Impact of vadose zone	Clay	2	5
	Silty clay	3
	Clay loam	4
	Silty sand	6
	Sand	7
	Sandy gravel	8
C: Hydraulic conductivity (m/d)	0.04074–4.074	1	3
	4.074–12.222	2
	12.222–28.518	4
	28.518–40.74	6
	40.74–81.48	8

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Table 2. Drastic index classes and spatial distribution

Vulnerability class	DRASTIC Index	Area (km²)	Area (%)
Very low	53–83	17.11	16.97
Low	83–101	27.92	27.67
Moderate	101–120	36.87	36.55
High	120–150	18.97	18.81

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Table 3. Statistics of single-parameter sensitivity analysis for DRASTIC

Parameter	Theoretical weight	Theoretical weight (%)	Effective weight (%)
Parameter	Theoretical weight	Theoretical weight (%)	Mean	Min	Max	SD
D	5	21.74	17.23	4.85	33.98	5.83
R	4	17.39	8.74	3.88	31.07	5.44
A	3	13.04	19.31	8.74	23.30	2.91
S	2	8.70	11.90	3.88	15.53	2.33
T	1	4.35	7.51	0.97	9.71	1.75
I	5	21.74	29.76	9.71	38.83	5.83
C	3	13.04	5.56	2.91	23.30	4.08

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