Removal of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane from groundwater using Graphene Oxide-Modified Nano Zero-Valent Iron Activated Persulfate

Hui Li; Lu Liu; Jia-hui Li; Bai-zhong Yan; Xiang-ke Kong; Wei Zhang

doi:10.26599/JGSE.2025.9280058

Volume 13 Issue 4

Dec. 2025

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Article Navigation > Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering > 2025 > 13(4): 341-351

Li H, Liu L, Li J H, et al. 2025. Removal of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane from groundwater using Graphene Oxide-Modified Nano Zero-Valent Iron Activated Persulfate. Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 13(4): 341-351 doi: 10.26599/JGSE.2025.9280058

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Removal of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane from groundwater using Graphene Oxide-Modified Nano Zero-Valent Iron Activated Persulfate

doi: 10.26599/JGSE.2025.9280058

Hui Li^{1, 2},
Lu Liu³,
Jia-hui Li^{2, 4},
Bai-zhong Yan^{5, 6},
Xiang-ke Kong^{1, 2
,
,},
Wei Zhang^{1, 2}

1.
Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Groundwater Contamination and Remediation, China Geological Survey (CGS) & Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
3.
Institute of Geological Environment Monitoring Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
4.
Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
5.
School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei Geology University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
6.
Hebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Optimization of Industrial Structure, Shijiazhuang 050031, China

More Information

Corresponding author: kongxiangke@mail.cgs.gov.cn
Received Date: 2025-02-13
Accepted Date: 2025-08-21

Available Online: 2025-10-10

Publish Date: 2025-12-01

Abstract

Abstract

Graphene Oxide (GO), nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI) and GO-modified nZVI (GO-nZVI) composite materials were prepared by the Hummer and polyphenol reduction method, respectively, and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology and phase composition of these materials. A series of batch experiments were then conducted to investigate the performance and influencing factors of GO-nZVI activating peroxydisulfate (SPS) for the degradation of 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP). Finally, an in-situ oxidation reaction zone was created by GO-nZVI-activated SPS in a one-dimensional simulated system to study the remediation of TCP contamination under different aquifer conditions. The results showed that the GO-nZVI composite exhibited a porous, fluffy structure, with spherical nZVI particles loaded onto the surface and folds of the GO sheets. Compared with unmodified nZVI particles, the GO-nZVI composite significantly enhanced the removal efficiency of TCP by activated SPS, achieving a removal rate of 67.2% within an hour - 78.2% higher than that of the unmodified system. The SPS dosage and the C/Fe ratio in GO-nZVI were found to significantly affect the degradation efficiency of TCP. The removal rate of TCP increased with higher SPS concentration, and a 10% carbon addition, yielded the best activation effect. The one-dimensional simulation results indicated that the removal rate of TCP ranged from 30.1% to 73.3% under different conditions. A larger medium particle size and higher concentrations of reactants (SPS and GO-nZVI) improved pollutant degradation efficiency, increasing TCP removal by 62.1%, 23.8%, and 3.7%, respectively. In contrast, a higher groundwater flow velocity was not conducive to the removal of pollutants, with the TCP removal rate decreasing by approximately 41.9%.
- Graphene oxide,
- Nanoscale zero-valent iron,
- Persulfate,
- 1, 2, 3-Trichloropropane,
- Groundwater,
- In-situ reaction zone

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References(33)

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