Geochemical records of the sediments and their significance in Dongping Lake Area, the lower reach of Yellow River , North China
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Abstract: Dongping Lake area, located in the lower reaches of Yellow River, is an ideal place to study the changes of modern river and lake sedimentary environment. The sediment samples of Dawen River, Yellow River, and Dongping Lake were collected, and the major elements, trace elements and organic matter geochemical composition of the samples were analyzed. Cluster analysis, characteristic element ratio method and graphic method were used to explore the geochemical characteristics of sediments and their environmental implication. The results show that the contents of SiO2, Na2O, TiO2 and Zr in sediments of Dawen River and Yellow River are relatively high, and the contents of iron and manganese oxides, organic matter, CaO, P2O5 and Sr in lake sediments are relatively high. That reveals the differences of sedimentary environments between the rivers and the lake. The contents of Sr and Zr in Dawen River are affected by the rapid migration of clastic materials in the upstream carbonate source area during the flood season; the δCe, ΣREE and REE’s ratios in the sediments of the Yellow River reflect the influence of the Loess source; and the distribution of elements changes along the flow direction during the flood season. The characteristics of pH, element composition and LREE & HREE fractionation of the lake sediments indicate that the sediment source is complex, and the lake environment is affected by the flood season. The study shows that the geochemical content and its variation characteristics of sediments effectively reveal the sedimentary environment, material composition and characteristics of flood season of rivers and the lake in the study area.
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Key words:
- Dongping Lake /
- Yellow River /
- Sediments /
- Organic matter /
- Element geochemistry
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Figure 6. Bivariate plot of TiO2 vs. Al2O3 (a) and TiO2 vs. Zr (b)(Hayashi et al. 1997)
Note: S1: Sample of Dawen River; S6 and S9: Samples of Dongping Lake; S11, S12, and S13: Samples of the Yellow River.
Table 1. Contents of metal oxides, organic matter and pH distribution in the study area / wt%
pHa Organic mattersb SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 MgO CaO Na2O K2O MnO TiO2 P2O5 S1 7.77 7.40 68.176 13.115 4.388 1.410 2.355 2.840 2.609 0.066 0.541 0.139 S6 7.95 19.80 40.568 13.133 5.583 2.573 13.894 0.853 2.465 0.118 0.548 0.137 S9 7.99 80.90 28.535 9.493 4.259 1.874 21.559 0.637 1.675 0.077 0.376 0.165 S11 8.02 5.50 67.222 10.533 3.908 1.825 5.311 2.158 2.205 0.058 0.543 0.125 S12 8.00 5.60 63.772 11.075 4.263 2.074 5.964 2.021 2.256 0.066 0.578 0.138 S13 8.01 10.10 48.745 13.854 5.697 2.932 9.294 1.205 2.718 0.103 0.619 0.165 Loess in China 8.46 3.90 54.66 11.54 4.45 3.44 7.87 1.70 1.96 0.20 0.30 CJav / / / 11.640 5.460 2.910 3.060 1.470 2.200 / / / HHav / / / 9.860 3.350 1.840 3.880 2.250 1.950 / / / UCC / / 66.00 15.20 4.50 2.20 4.20 3.90 3.40 / 0.50 0.17 Note: pHa : Organic mattersb : ‰; Loess in China, from Wen QZ, 1989; CJav: Average sediment of the Yangtze River, HHav: Average sediment of the Yellow River, from Yang SY et al. 2003; UCC: The upper continental crust, from Taylor et al. 1985. Table 2. Contents of REE and trace elements in the study area / ppm
La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Rb Sr Zr Rb/Sr (La/Lu)N (La/Yb)N (La/Sm)N (Gd/Yb)N δEu δCe ∑LREE ∑HREE ∑L/∑H ∑REE S1 29.51 54.87 7.64 28.45 5.19 1.09 4.55 0.70 3.97 0.74 2.16 0.35 2.05 0.32 111.2 246.7 281.8 0.45 1.38 1.40 1.01 1.32 0.98 0.80 126.74 14.84 8.54 141.58 S6 38.14 90.10 9.20 34.39 6.35 1.28 5.91 0.92 5.15 0.96 2.74 0.43 2.46 0.38 106.2 303.1 135.1 0.35 1.50 1.50 1.07 1.43 0.92 1.05 179.45 18.95 9.47 198.41 S9 31.71 70.45 7.28 26.88 4.82 0.98 4.38 0.67 3.68 0.68 1.95 0.31 1.74 0.26 70.4 447.4 93.0 0.16 1.82 1.76 1.17 1.50 0.94 1.01 142.13 13.67 10.40 155.80 S11 25.72 56.42 6.50 24.59 4.75 0.98 4.30 0.70 4.06 0.78 2.26 0.37 2.09 0.32 82.2 201.3 200.6 0.41 1.20 1.19 0.96 1.23 0.95 0.95 118.95 14.89 7.99 133.85 S12 36.34 80.78 8.70 32.34 6.06 1.22 5.51 0.90 5.00 0.96 2.83 0.46 2.63 0.41 90.5 214.2 220.8 0.42 1.33 1.34 1.07 1.25 0.93 0.99 165.45 18.68 8.86 184.13 S13 40.09 94.00 9.88 37.23 6.94 1.42 6.47 1.01 5.76 1.06 3.13 0.51 2.85 0.44 111.4 236.9 151.1 0.47 1.37 1.36 1.03 1.35 0.93 1.03 189.55 21.24 8.92 210.79 Loess in China 33 66.9 6.74 28.2 5.74 1.14 4.87 0.84 4.62 0.95 2.68 0.43 2.74 0.43 88 209 / 0.42 1.15 1.17 1.02 1.06 0.95 0.98 141.72 17.56 8.07 159.28 Cj av 36.64 66.13 8.7 33.87 6.18 1.31 5.72 0.87 4.85 1 2.64 0.39 2.3 0.35 / 135.5 258.3 / 1.57 1.54 1.06 1.48 0.97 0.81 152.83 18.12 8.43 170.95 Hh av 29.23 54.5 7.15 26.93 5.05 1.05 4.69 0.75 3.95 0.84 2.24 0.35 2.06 0.32 / 186.6 262.5 / 1.37 1.37 1.03 1.36 0.95 0.82 123.91 15.20 8.15 139.11 HHjn 26.2 52 6.18 22.8 4.28 0.89 4.28 0.56 3.51 0.63 2.07 0.27 1.96 0.26 / / / / 1.51 1.29 1.09 1.30 0.91 0.89 112.35 13.54 8.30 125.89 HHw 31 61.8 7.15 26.9 5.02 0.97 4.92 0.65 3.9 0.72 2.29 0.3 2.16 0.3 / / / / 1.55 1.39 1.10 1.36 0.86 0.90 132.84 15.24 8.72 148.08 Rav 45 95 8 35 7 1.5 5 1 4.5 1 3 0.4 3.5 0.5 / / / / 1.35 1.25 1.15 0.85 1.11 1.09 191.50 18.90 10.13 210.40 UCC 32 73 7.9 33 5.7 1.24 5.2 0.85 5.8 1.04 3.4 0.5 3.1 0.48 / / / / 1 1 1 1 1 1 152.84 20.37 7.50 173.21 Note: Loess in China, from Wen QZ, 1989; CJav: Average sediment of the Yangtze River, HHav: Average sediment of the Yellow River, from Yang SY et al. 2003; UCC: The upper continental crust, from Taylor et al. 1985;
HHjn: Jinan section of the lower Yellow River, sample collection time: April 1996, HHw: Whole rock sample of the Yellow River, from Yang SY et al., 2003; Rav: World river average, from Chester, 2000; (La/Lu)N, (La/Yb)N, (La/Sm)N, (Gd/Yb)N, δEu(Eu/Eu*) and δCe(Ce/Ce*): Calculated by UCC standardization. -
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