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Grain size characteristics and genesis of the Muxing loess in the Muling-Xingkai Plain, Northeast China
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Abstract: Thick loess is deposited on the platform in the piedmont zone of Muling-Xingkai Plain (Muxing Plain), but the genesis of the Muxing loess is still unclear. The aims of this study are to analyze the grain size characteristics of Muxing loess collected from the cores of a typical borehole (ZK1) in the piedmont zone of Muxing Plain, and to verify its genesis. The Muxing loess is mainly composed of the particles with diameter less than 50 μm, with an average content of 92.48%. The coarse silt particles with diameter of 10-50 μm are the basic composition of aeolian sediments, and their average content is 44.34% for the Muxing loess, which is the mode class among the particles with different diameters. The grain size parameters and frequency curves are similar to those of the typical aeolian sediments. The distribution characteristic of the Muxing loess in the C-M scatter diagram is consistent with that of the Xi Feng loess. In addition, the discriminant analysis shows the Muxing loess mostly consists of aeolian sediments. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Muxing loess mainly resulted from aeolian deposition based on the grain size characteristics. Muxing Plain is dominated by the monsoon climate, and the wind-blown dusts are gradually deposited after being transported over long distances.
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Key words:
- Muxing Plain /
- Loess /
- Grain size; Characteristics /
- Aeolian deposition
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Figure 6. Comparison of grain size measured between loess in ZK1 and different sediments
Figure 7. Position of the Muxing loess samples (Triangular points) and the Xifeng loess samples (Cross points) in the C-M diagram
Table 1. Classifications of the particle size expressed by φ
Lithology Grain size range φ=−Log2D mm μm D φ Rock Class of rock >256 256 −8 Gravel Coarse gravel 256-128 128 −7 128-64 64 −6 Boulderet 64-32 32 −5 32-16 16 −4 16-8 8 −3 Fine gravel 8-4 4 −2 4-2 2 −1 Sand Very coarse sand 2-1 2 000-1 000 1 0 Coarse sand 1-0.5 1 000-500 1/2 1 Medium sand 0.5-0.25 500-250 1/4 2 Fine sand 0.25-0.125 250-125 1/8 3 Very fine sand 0.125-0.063 125-63 1/16 4 Silt Coarse slit 0.063-0.032 63-32 1/32 5 Medium coarse slit 0.032-0.016 32-16 1/64 6 Fine silt 0.016-0.008 16-8 1/128 7 Very fine silt 0.008-0.004 8-4 1/256 8 
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Table 2. Classifications of grain size skewness
SK Skewness −1.00-−0.3 Extremely negative skewness −0.3-−0.1 Negative skewness −0.1-0.1 Symmetrical distribution 0.1-0.3 Positive skewness 0.3-1.00 Extremely positive skewness
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Table 3. Kurtosis classifications of sediment
Kg <0.67 0.67-0.9 0.9-1.1 1.1-1.5 1.5-3.0 >3.0 Kurtosis Flat Wide and flat Moderate Narrow Sharp and narrow Extremely narrow
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