Vinay Kumar Gautam; Mahesh Kothari; P.K. Singh; S.R. Bhakar; K.K. Yadav

doi:10.19637/j.cnki.2305-7068.2022.01.001

doi: 10.19637/j.cnki.2305-7068.2022.01.001

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-07
- 录用日期: 2021-12-12
- 刊出日期: 2022-03-15

Analysis of groundwater level trend in Jakham River Basin of Southern Rajasthan

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Department of Soil and Water Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur-313001(Raj.), India

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Corresponding author: v.kumar.gautam007@gmail.com

摘要

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Abstract: Groundwater accounts for about half of the water use for irrigation in India. The fluctuation pattern of the groundwater level is examined by observing rainfall replenishment and monitoring wells. The southern part of Rajasthan has experienced abrupt changes in rainfall and has been highly dependent on groundwater over decades. This study presents the impact of over-dependence on groundwater usage for irrigation and other purposes, spatially and temporally. Hence, the objective of this study is to examine the groundwater level trend by using statistical analysis and geospatial technique. Rainfall factor was also studied in groundwater level fluctuation during 2009-2019. To analyze the influence of each well during recharge or withdrawal of groundwater, thiessien polygonswere generated from them. In the Jakham River basin, 75 wells have been identified for water level trend study using the Mann-Kendall statistical test. The statistics of trend analysis show that 15% wells are experiencing water level decline in pre-monsoon, while very low percentage of wells have such trend during post-monsoon season. The average rate of water level decline is 0.245 m/a in pre-monsoon and 0.05 m/a in post-monsoon. The aquifer recharge potential is also decreasing by year.it is expected that such type of studies will help the policy makers to adopt advanced management practices to ensure sustainable groundwater resource management.
- Groundwater /
- Trend analysis /
- Rainfall /
- Kendal tau /
- Slope /
- p value /
- Recharge /
- Pre- and post-monsoon

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Figure 1. Location map of study area

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Figure 2. Identified wells for groundwater level monitoring

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Figure 4. Trend of groundwater level during pre- and post-monsoon

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Figure 3. Graphical representation of groundwater level in relation with annual rainfall

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Figure 5. Mean groundwater level fluctuation (2009-2019) for pre- and post-monsoon periods

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Figure 6. Groundwater recharge indicator, Sen’s slope map for pre and post monsoon season

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Table 1. Results of Mann-Kendal test statistics for pre- and post monsoon season (2009-2020)

Well No.	Latitude	Longitude	Pre-monsoon				Post-monsoon
			Kendal tau	p-value	Slope	Trend	Kendal tau	p-value	Slope	Trend
1	74.716	24.057	0.564	0.020	0.314	Increasing	0.019	0.150	0.080	No
2	74.791	24.212	−0.073	0.815	−0.037	No	0.787	0.001	0.603	Increasing
3	74.645	24.210	0.477	0.050	0.394	Increasing	−0.087	0.050	−0.320	Decreasing
4	74.557	24.383	−0.241	0.347	−0.350	No	0.537	0.028	0.657	Increasing
5	74.721	24.391	0.225	0.333	0.493	No	−0.507	0.028	−0.457	Decreasing
6	74.622	24.444	−0.261	0.350	−0.227	No	0.294	0.241	0.530	No
7	74.642	24.398	−0.500	0.400	−0.483	No	0.290	0.180	0.350	No
8	74.738	24.302	−0.450	0.035	−0.253	Decreasing	0.241	0.347	0.100	No
9	74.652	24.325	0.611	0.012	0.625	Increasing	0.153	0.034	0.105	Increasing
10	74.541	24.293	0.400	0.022	0.455	Increasing	0.000	1.000	0.000	No
11	74.596	24.239	−0.077	0.251	−0.194	No	0.750	0.093	0.180	No
12	74.713	24.240	−0.093	0.073	−0.754	No	0.436	0.060	0.331	No
13	74.733	24.131	−0.047	0.213	−0.014	No	−0.020	0.036	−0.354	Decreasing
14	74.644	24.141	0.019	1.000	0.000	No	0.110	0.696	0.062	No
15	74.603	24.089	0.600	0.013	0.763	Increasing	0.019	1.000	0.000	No
16	74.635	24.052	0.477	0.051	0.394	Increasing	0.220	0.390	0.250	No
17	74.687	24.027	−0.485	0.200	−0.353	No	−0.093	0.754	−0.036	No
18	74.651	24.002	−0.019	1.000	0.000	No	0.661	0.006	0.913	Increasing
19	74.617	24.056	0.167	0.531	0.390	No	0.198	0.390	0.210	No
20	74.765	24.061	−0.404	0.101	−0.384	No	−0.019	1.000	0.000	No
21	74.711	24.039	−0.073	0.815	−0.037	No	0.304	0.235	0.489	No
22	74.691	24.065	−0.294	0.241	−0.285	No	0.367	0.138	0.300	No
23	74.699	24.072	−0.073	0.815	−0.037	No	−0.092	0.734	−0.139	No
24	74.760	24.079	−0.352	0.159	−2.262	No	−0.200	0.436	−0.400	No
25	74.744	24.093	−0.073	0.315	−0.045	No	−0.074	0.035	−0.283	Decreasing
26	74.750	24.103	−0.204	0.433	−0.793	No	−0.611	0.012	−0.621	Decreasing
27	74.696	24.095	−0.073	0.815	−0.037	No	−0.035	0.018	−0.210	Decreasing
28	74.758	24.157	−0.278	0.273	−0.464	No	0.374	0.135	0.383	No
29	74.726	24.154	−0.035	0.815	−0.037	No	0.035	0.018	0.210	Increasing
30	74.667	24.101	−0.278	0.273	−0.870	No	0.661	0.006	0.599	Increasing
31	74.613	24.089	−0.073	0.435	−0.327	No	0.350	0.319	0.452	No
32	74.668	24.154	0.167	0.531	0.390	No	0.382	0.119	0.800	No
33	74.649	24.123	−0.073	0.815	−0.037	No	0.210	0.390	0.207	No
34	74.659	24.207	0.575	0.019	0.900	Increasing	0.491	0.043	0.200	Decreasing
35	74.643	24.201	−0.015	0.210	−0.150	No	0.374	0.135	0.383	No
36	74.661	24.250	−0.426	0.085	−0.565	No	0.440	0.072	0.550	No
37	74.631	24.248	−0.294	0.241	−0.484	No	0.350	0.105	0.303	No
38	74.687	24.262	−0.352	0.159	−0.490	No	0.220	0.390	0.257	No
39	74.758	24.200	0.167	0.531	0.390	No	0.641	0.009	0.605	Increasing
40	74.722	24.176	−0.167	0.231	−0.050	No	0.055	0.876	0.023	No
41	74.708	24.197	0.025	1.000	0.000	No	0.481	0.033	0.195	Increasing
42	74.705	24.213	−0.315	0.210	−0.150	No	−0.093	0.754	−0.036	No
43	74.699	24.229	−0.400	0.085	−0.505	No	−0.091	0.040	−0.201	Decreasing
44	74.721	24.261	−0.278	0.273	−0.293	No	−0.514	0.035	−0.637	Decreasing
45	74.780	24.180	0.165	0.525	0.300	No	−0.553	0.015	−0.557	Decreasing
46	74.763	24.281	−0.224	0.387	−0.217	No	0.073	0.815	0.033	No
47	74.762	24.316	−0.294	0.241	−0.484	No	0.050	0.105	0.065	No
48	74.748	24.331	0.056	0.876	0.014	No	0.000	1.000	0.000	No
49	74.769	24.348	0.256	0.376	0.210	No	0.000	1.000	0.000	No
50	74.679	24.296	−0.093	0.050	−0.080	Decreasing	−0.037	0.938	0.002	No
51	74.622	24.290	0.017	0.376	0.250	No	0.032	0.088	0.335	No
52	74.611	24.277	0.056	0.879	0.015	No	0.404	0.101	0.450	No
53	74.664	24.325	0.056	0.376	0.250	No	0.031	0.098	0.305	No
54	74.676	24.336	0.167	0.528	0.250	No	0.110	0.696	100.000	No
55	74.593	24.297	0.056	0.376	0.250	No	0.035	0.058	0.210	Decreasing
56	74.579	24.325	0.130	0.038	0.080	Increasing	0.404	0.101	0.671	No
57	74.556	24.341	0.035	0.835	0.000	No	0.031	0.098	0.305	No
58	74.539	24.319	0.426	0.085	0.242	No	0.019	1.000	0.000	No
59	74.534	24.338	0.062	0.231	0.090	No	0.110	0.696	0.250	No
60	74.575	24.384	0.241	0.347	0.150	No	0.147	0.585	0.300	No
61	74.517	24.375	0.019	1.000	0.000	No	0.205	0.325	0.185	No
62	74.574	24.396	0.241	0.347	0.210	No	0.000	1.000	0.000	No
63	74.690	24.367	−0.094	0.341	−0.084	No	0.350	0.250	0.152	No
64	74.644	24.387	−0.367	0.138	−0.387	No	0.455	0.062	0.883	No
65	74.645	24.387	0.056	0.015	0.230	Increasing	−0.205	0.019	−0.250	Decreasing
66	74.687	24.403	−0.330	0.184	−0.655	No	0.404	0.101	0.391	No
67	74.656	24.427	0.056	0.256	0.214	No	0.031	0.098	0.305	No
68	74.608	24.410	0.019	1.000	0.000	No	0.440	0.072	0.320	No
69	74.762	24.387	0.030	0.046	0.314	Increasing	0.600	0.013	0.550	Increasing
70	74.734	24.360	−0.120	0.689	−0.035	No	0.095	0.765	0.045	No
71	74.716	24.385	0.056	0.876	0.014	No	−0.091	0.040	−0.225	Decreasing
72	74.702	24.386	−0.241	0.347	−0.252	No	0.521	0.030	0.609	Increasing
73	74.758	24.393	0.150	0.252	0.050	No	−0.553	0.020	−0.557	Decreasing
74	74.758	24.391	−0.294	0.241	−0.484	No	0.076	0.820	0.044	No
75	74.750	24.403	−0.110	0.696	−0.036	No	−0.050	0.105	−0.065	No

*(Here, α= 0.05 and confidence level=95%)

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