Rabiranjan Prusty; Trinath Biswal

doi:10.19637/j.cnki.2305-7068.2020.04.004

doi: 10.19637/j.cnki.2305-7068.2020.04.004

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-06-15
- 录用日期: 2020-10-10
- 刊出日期: 2020-12-28

Physico-chemical, bacteriological and health hazard effect analysis of the water in Taladanda Canal, Paradip area, Odisha, India

Department of Chemistry Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology Burla-768018, India

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Corresponding author: Trinath Biswal, E-mail: biswal.trinath@gmail.com

摘要

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Abstract: The physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters of the water in Taladanda canal and associated water-borne diseases,from which the dwellers have suffered,were studied,by using statistical method. Overuse and the addition of the wastes with sources from urbane industrial sectors,as well as the decrease in water level have caused the canal water quality declined drastically and subsequently led to extensive eutrophication and bacterial contamination. According to the water sample analytical results,the water is lightly acidic with the pH value of 4.5~6.7. The measured indexes,such as total dissolved solid (TDS),electrical conductivity (EC),total suspended solid (TSS),Mn,Zn,Al,Fe,Cu,Cr,and Hg etc,mostly have very high concentrations which are higher than permissible limit,indicating that the canal water is completely unsuitable for human consumption. Furthermore,the biological analysis shows that the total coliform (TC) is in the range of 45.9~30.2 in per 100 mL water in April,30.5~25.3/100 mL in July and 52.9~35.4/100 mL in December,respectively. Similarly,fecal coliform (FC) ranges from 12.8 to 10.1,10.5~7.5 and 13.1~6.4 per 100 mL water in the months of April,July and December respectively. As a result,people who use the water have suffered from different water-borne diseases. On the basis of disease data derived from hospital observations in a period of three years,there had been 4 284 people affected by different water-borne diseases from 2016 to 2018.
- Water quality /
- Pollution /
- Physico-chemical assessment /
- Bacteriological parameters /
- Health hazard /
- Coliform /
- E. coli

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Figure 1. Location map of the study area

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Figure 2. Statistical graph of the number of people infected by various diseases

Data 1: The disease diarrhea; data 2: The giardia and cryptosporidium; data 3: Dysentery; data 4: Salmonella; data 5: Escherichia; data 6: Typhoid fever; data 7: Cholera; data 8: The hepatitis A; data 9: Campylobacter.

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Figure 3. Kind of diseases vs number of people affected in 2016, in which the most people affected by typhoid and the least people affected in escherichia coli, comparing with other water-borne diseases

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Figure 4. Kind of diseases vs number of people affected in 2017, in which the most people affected by typhoid fever and least people by giardia and cryptosporidium

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Figure 5. Kind of diseases vs number of people affected in 2018 when the most people affected by typhoid disease and the least by escherichia coli

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Table 1. The disease that transmitted through the drinking water

Disease	Bacterial agent
Cholera	Vibrio cholera
Vibrios caused by gastroenteritis	Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Typhoid fever	Salmonella typhi
Bacillary dysentery or shigellosis	Shigelladysenteriae, shigellaflexneri, shigellaboydii, shigellasonnei
Gastroenteritis and acute diarrheas	Escherichia coli, particularly serotype

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Table 2. Water parameters, source of occurrence and effect

Parameters	Occurrence	Effect
Turbidity	Soil runoff	Cause of pathogens
Colour	Dissolved colloidal form of materials
Odour	Degradation by bacterial community	Disagreeable odour
Electrical Conductivity	Presence of dissolved solid in water in ionic form	If the concentration of ionisable ions is high the conductivity will be more and the property of corrosion increases
pH	Because of different gas and solid mate-rials	Cause of bitterness and corrosion of the materials
DO	Because of oxygen present in the dis-solved state in water	Most corrosive gas in the environment and cause of corrosion in water and oil pipe lines, boilers, machinery parts, automobile parts
TH	Presence of chloride, sulphates and bicar-bonates of Ca and Mg salts. Mostly found in some mineral present in water	Cause of decrease in foam producing capacity with soap solution
TA (Total Alkalinity)	Because of the presence of the different alkaline gases in dissolved state	Cause of embrittlement in bottom part of boiler steel
TDS	Because of the dissolved fine particles of solid materials and salts	Cause of Gastro-intestinal diseases, eye irritation and corrosion of some metals
Calcium (Ca)	Found from soap and anions of some dissolved salts.	Influencing in the dying process of textile indus-tries

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Table 3. Bacteriological analysis of drinking water samples in the Paradip City

Water samples collected at different areas of Paradip City	MPN test in April-2018		MPN test in July-2018		MPN test in December-2018
	TC Bacteria/100 mL	FC Bacteria/100 mL	TC Bacteria/100 mL	FC Bacteria/100 mL	TC Bacteria/100 mL	FC Bacteria/100 mL
S1	38.2	10.1	25.3	9.2	45.2	10.2
S2	44.4	12.4	29.3	8.8	39.1	11.2
S3	42.5	11.3	31.4	8.5	35.4	10.5
S4	42.2	10.5	30.4	8.7	36.2	12.1
S5	45.9	11.2	30.5	9.9	37.5	11.3
S6	45.6	11.5	31.1	9.2	44.1	10.2
S7	30.2	11.2	32.1	9.6	36.1	10.5
S8	48.5	10.6	26.4	9.1	41.2	11.5
S9	32.4	10.7	29.5	8.2	40.2	8.4
S10	32.2	10.5	25.6	8.1	41.6	7.9
S11	32.2	10.4	26.5	8.5	40.5	6.4
S12	40.3	11.2	26.4	7.9	45.6	10.4
S13	35.5	10.4	26.3	7.5	46.2	6.5
S14	34.2	11.4	28.9	9.5	46.2	7.6
S15	52.4	12.8	26.6	10.5	52.9	13.1

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Table 4. Analysis of physico-chemical parameters in April, 2018

Parameters	Water samples collected in Paradip City during first series
Parameters	L1	L2	L3	L4	L5	L6	L7	L8	L9	L10	L11	L12	L13	L14	L15
Temperature (℃)	20	19	18	19	19	20	19	19	19	18	18	20	19	21	18
Colour	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL
Odour	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL
pH	6.7	6.6	6.5	6.2	6.5	6.5	6.4	6.4	6.5	6.3	6.4	6.6	6.5	6.6	6.4
EC (µs/cm)	311	318	312	311	314	311	315	314	316	319	317	318	314	316	317
TDS (ppm)	751.2	754.2	759.4	752.6	758.6	745.2	746.2	749.2	746.5	742.3	750.1	760.4	764.4	741.2	740.5
TSS (mg/L)	375.1	378.4	382.1	384.1	389.1	377.4	378.2	389.1	389.4	398.4	385.4	387.8	398.4	388.4	385.4
TH (ppm)	48	38	47	49	31	37	37	31	52	53	46	43	54	47	59
Ca (mg/L)	32	40	44	48	32	44	40	27	44	40	40	55	44	48	44
Mg (mg/L)	24	27	30	30	28	35	41	26	17	15	17	30	37	40	27
Cl (mg/L)	46	34	40	29	32	31	30	37	35	38	31	40	41	31	37
DO (mg/L)	4.9	4.5	4.7	5.9	5.01	4.2	4.9	4.8	4.7	4.6	4.8	4.7	4.4	5.1	5.1
NO₂^- (mg/L)	28	29	28	25	36	35	41	28	36	3.9	29	32	38	27	31
NO₃^- (mg/L)	30	50	30	20	30	30	45	58	35	50	50	40	20	20	48
SO₄^2- (mg/L)	25	24	32	24	35	24	25	29	27	26	24	28	24	26	26
Alkalinity	100	150	200	150	150	100	150	150	120	120	100	100	120	100	100
Mn (mg/L)	0.1	0.3	0.4	0.8	0.5	0.2	0.4	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.5	0.6	0.1	0.4	0.4
Zn (mg/L)	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.8	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.1
Al (mg/L)	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.01	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.5	0.1
F (mg/L)	1.5	0.2	0.2	0.8	0.5	2.4	1.7	1.5	1.9	0.2	0.2	1.8	0.6	1.5	1.2
Fe (mg/L)	0.9	0.6	0.8	0.5	0.9	0.9	0.6	0.9	0.1	0.1	0.5	1.2	0.9	1.6	1.4
Cu (mg/L)	0.2	0.5	0.1	0.2	0.5	0.9	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.5	0.1	0.1	0.9	0.3	1
Cr (mg/L)	0.1	0.5	0.5	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hg (mg/L)	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.04	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.01

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Table 5. Analysis of physico-chemical parameters in July, 2018

Parameters	Water samples collected in Paradip City during second series
Parameters	L1	L2	L3	L4	L5	L6	L7	L8	L9	L10	L11	L12	L13	L14	L15
Temperature (℃)	21	18	21	20	17	22	18	21	22	19	19	20	19	17	21
Colour	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL
Odour	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL
pH	6.4	5.3	5.2	5.5	5.2	5.1	4.9	4.6	5.2	4.8	4.5	5.1	4.6	5.1	5.3
EC (µs/cm)	299	306	305	300	301	302	304	307	304	304	302	304	303	299	300
TDS (ppm)	850.1	863.5	846.2	851.3	831.2	825.1	851.2	831.4	862.1	843.2	856.4	854.5	859.4	863.1	839.1
TSS (mg/L)	423.2	452.3	421.6	413.2	411.2	429.5	427.4	425.2	427.1	426.1	411.2	419.4	416.2	418.5	417.2
TH (ppm)	27	26	31	28	26	21	27	29	24	24	25	23	21	24	28
Ca (mg/L)	36	44	32.6	52	38	55	40	32	28	32	35	32	28.5	36	30
Mg (mg/L)	30.1	35	30.1	26	40	25	27	32	33	19	30	27	34	28	25
Cl (mg/L)	19	31	24	21	20	25	26	21	19	23	24	25	26	21	19
DO (mg/L)	5.1	5.2	5	3.7	3.6	3.5	3.4	4.9	4.5	4.7	4.5	4.3	4.2	4.1	4.2
NO₂^- (mg/L)	35	32	30	26	35	52	42	37	27	25	50	35	42	42	40
NO₃^- (mg/L)	24	26	25	30	45	48	41	46	48	43	35	38	35	31	34
SO₄^2- (mg/L)	25	19	32	18	35	21	25	18	27	26	24	15	19	21	26
Alkalinity	150	120	120	100	100	120	100	100	100	150	200	150	150	100	130
Mn (mg/L)	0.1	0.2	0.5	0.8	0.7	0.2	0.4	0.7	0.4	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.1	0.3	0.4
Zn (mg/L)	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.7	0.2	0.6	0.1	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.1
Al (mg/L)	0.6	2.3	1.1	0.6	0.8	1.1	1.6	1.2	1.1	0.2	0.8	0.6	0.7	1	1.2
F (mg/L)	1	0.5	0.3	0.9	0.8	1.2	1.1	0.7	1.2	0.3	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	1
Fe (mg/L)	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cu (mg/L)	0.1	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.5	0.9	0.3	0.2	0.6	0.5	0.1	0.1	0.9	0.3	1.0
Cr (mg/L)	0.1	0.5	0.5	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hg (mg/L)	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.01

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Table 6. Analysis of physicochemical parameters in December, 2018

Parameters	Water samples collected in Paradip City during third series
Parameters	L1	L2	L3	L4	L5	L6	L7	L8	L9	L10	L11	L12	L13	L14	L15
Temperature (℃)	20	19	18	19	19	20	19	19	19	18	18	20	19	21	18
Colour	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL	CL
Odour	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL	OL
PH	4.5	4.6	4.2	5.2	4.8	4.9	5.3	4.6	4.5	5.1	5.3	4.9	6.2	5.9	5.4
EC (µs/cm)	301	305	303	302	305	306	312	311	310	314	315	311	309	308	314
TDS (ppm)	700.4	709.1	720.6	700.1	710.6	708.4	709.5	707.7	709.2	712.5	720.4	711.6	713.4	711.5	718.6
TSS (mg/L)	351.6	345.6	340.2	346.4	351.5	360.4	342.6	349.2	339.5	347.6	346.7	340.8	353.4	351.4	350.4
TH (ppm)	26	24	31	29	26	21	27	29	24	24	25	23	26	24	28
Ca (mg/L)	32	40	44	48	32	44	40	27	44	40	40	55	44	48	44
Mg (mg/L)	24	27	30	30	28	35	41	26	17	15	17	30	37	40	27
Cl (mg/L)	106	78	99	106	72	78	90	106	90	78	78	90	108	150	110
DO (mg/L)	5.8	5.9	5.8	4.5	5.6	5.5	5.0	5.8	5.6	5.9	5.9	5.2	5.8	5.7	5.3
NO₂^- (mg/L)	30	50	30	20	30	30	45	58	35	50	50	40	20	20	48
NO₃^- (mg/L)	120	120	120	100	120	100	120	80	80	100	115	90	90	120	110
SO₄^2- (mg/L)	100	150	200	150	150	100	150	150	120	120	100	100	120	100	100
Alkalinity	100	100	150	200	150	150	100	130	150	120	120	100	100	120	100
Mn (mg/L)	0.3	0.2	0.5	0.7	0.7	0.2	0.4	0.7	0.2	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.1	0.3	0.4
Zn (mg/L)	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.7	0.2	0.5	0.1	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.1
Al (mg/L)	1.5	0.2	0.2	0.8	0.5	2.4	1.7	1.5	1.9	0.2	0.2	1.8	0.6	2.5	1.9
F (mg/L)	0.9	0.6	0.8	0.5	0.9	0.9	0.6	0.9	0.1	0.1	0.5	1.2	0.9	1.6	1.4
Fe (mg/L)	0.2	0.5	0.1	0.2	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.4	0.5	0.7	0.1	0.6	0.7	0.3	1
Cu (mg/L)	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.9	0.3	0.2	0.7	0.5	0.1	0.1	0.8	0.3	1
Cr (mg/L)	0.2	0.5	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hg (mg/L)	0.02	0.04	0.02	0.02	0.05	0.03	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.05	0.02	0.07

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